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基于直覺模糊集的水利工程評標辦法

2016-12-27 14:58郭磊王軍安曉偉
南水北調與水利科技 2016年5期
關鍵詞:招標投標水利水電工程

郭磊王軍安曉偉

摘要:通過工程招投標形式選擇合適的承包人是水利水電工程項目建設的關鍵,對工程建設計劃的圓滿實現起著決定性的作用。評標工作是整個招投標活動的核心,如何快速有效的選取最優投標人事關工程建設的成敗,但是水利工程評標因素眾多,且較難直接評價。對此,本文基于直覺模糊集理論,選取投標報價、施工組織及企業狀況等指標,建立了指標屬性矩陣和直覺模糊線性評價模型。該模型能夠考慮評價對象各指標的隸屬度、非隸屬度和猶豫度,同時借助得分函數和TOPSIS法進行綜合評價可快速求得投標單位投標優劣順序,能夠使評價結果更為合理。案例分析驗證了該模型的有效性和實用性。

關鍵詞:直覺模糊集;水利水電工程;招標投標;評標模型

中圖分類號:TU72 文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:

16721683(2016)05018905

Bidding evaluation model of water conservancy and hydropower project based on theory of intuitionistic fuzzy set

GUO Lei1,WANG Jun1,AN Xiaowei2

(1.College of Water Conservancy,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450045,China;2.China Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

Abstract:Through the project bidding to choose right contractor is the key of water conservancy and hydropower project construction,and it plays a decisive role in the fulfillment of the project construction.Bid evaluation is the core of the whole bidding activity,how to quickly and efficiently select the best bidder determines the success of the project construction.Project bid evaluation refers to many factors,and it is difficult to evaluate directly.In this paper,based on the theory of intuitionistic fuzzy sets,selecting bid quotation,construction organization and enterprise conditions as evaluation factors,the index matrix and intuitionistic fuzzy linear evaluation model were established.This model could consider membership degree,nonmembership degree and hesitancy degree for all indicators.Subsequently,the priority order of the bid companies could be obtained by the using of scoring function and TOPSIS,which made the evaluation result more reasonable.And the validity and practicability of this model were verified by case analysis.

Key words:intuitionistic fuzzy set; water conservancy and hydropower project; tendering and bidding; bid evaluation model

招標投標是國內外通用的、科學合理的工程承發包方式,通過招投標形式選擇合適的承包人是工程建設的關鍵環節,對工程建設計劃的圓滿實現起著決定性的作用[12]。評標工作是整個招投標活動的核心,如何快速有效的選取最優投標人事關工程建設的成敗[34]。關于評標辦法的研究,不少學者都取得了相應的研究成果,盛松濤等[5]建立了基于模糊綜合評價法的水利工程評標辦法;魯仕寶等[6]將熵權理論引入到評標決策中;何亞伯[7]基于復合物元和信息熵建立了水電工程評標模型。上述成果的取得雖然在一定程度上提高了評標的精度,但大都要求評標專家依據個人經驗給出各評價指標確切的分數或指標隸屬的評價等級,只考慮指標隸屬度,忽略了非隸屬度和猶豫程度等因素。直覺模糊集理論能夠考慮了隸屬度、非隸屬度與猶豫度3方面的信息,在處理模糊性和不確定性等信息時較傳統的方法具有更強的表現力和科學性。該理論已經廣泛的被運用于可行性分析、電子測試、建筑工程、系統整體優化等很多領域,并取得了良好的效果。水利工程評標因素眾多,且很多因素較難直接評價,對此直覺模糊集理論能夠對其進行較好的處理,使得評價結果更為合理。因而,本文以直覺模糊集理論為基礎,選取合適的評價因子,建立相應評標模型,以期為水利水電工程項目建設評標工作提供科學合理的理論指導。

1 評價指標體系的建立

水利工程建設較為復雜,影響工程建設的因素眾多。本文參考相關研究[710],綜合考慮各方因素,構建評標指標評價體系見表1。

2 評價模型的建立

2.1 直覺模糊集

2.2 指標屬性集

2.3 多屬性權重求解模型

2.4 TOPSIS評估法

TOPSIS法是根據評價對象與理想化點間的接近程度進行排序的方法。該方法通過計算評價對象與最優解、最劣解的距離來進行排序,即以得分函數值為評價尺度,以靠近正理想點和遠離負理想點為優,對各評價對象進行排序[1920]。直覺模糊數α和β的得分函數S(α)和S(β)距離的計算公式可表示為:

3 實例分析

某水利工程項目面向社會公開招標,在所有報名的投標單位中有甲、乙、丙、丁四家通過了資格預審。采用基于直覺模糊集的多屬性評價算法對四家投標單位投標情況進行評價,組建評估專家組,通過專家組審核,對評價指標進行賦分。以一級指標“企業狀況”為例,平均專家評分得到表2所示結果。

從上述案例可以看出,直覺模糊集理論在處理模糊和不確定信息時能夠考慮到指標隸屬度、非隸屬度和猶豫程度等因素,可以使得評價結果更為合理,但評價過程仍建立在專家主觀評價基礎之上。該方法雖然極大地提升了評價精度,降低了主觀因素影響程度,但評價結果仍然擺脫不了受專家主觀因的素影,評價結果主觀性仍然較強,有待進一步改進。

4 結語

水利工程評標是一項較為復雜的系統工程,其牽扯方面眾多。如何快速有效的評選出最優投標人事關工程建設的成敗。本文選取投標報價、施工組織及企業狀況等指標建立了二級評價指標體系,并考慮不同評價對象各評價指標隸屬度、非隸屬度和猶豫度等因素,基于直覺模糊集理論建立了相關評價模型,同時借助得分函數和TOPSIS法進行綜合評價從而可得到投標單位投標優劣順序,極大地提高了評價的精度,能夠保證評標的科學合理性。實例分析證明該方法能夠快速有效分析出最優投標人,可為評標決策提供依據。

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