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合并橋本甲狀腺炎對甲狀腺乳頭狀癌預后的影響

2017-11-13 16:26范嶺慕騰石國豪
中外醫學研究 2017年18期

范嶺 慕騰 石國豪

【摘要】 目的:明確HT與PTC在臨床上的關聯,并在此基礎上進一步探討合并HT對PTC預后的影響。方法:收集2000-2015年在豐臺醫院行甲狀腺手術,病理確診PTC且具有術前血清標本的病例共269例。比較所有研究對象包括性別、年齡、病程、手術方式、腫瘤大小、浸潤范圍及淋巴結侵襲等在內的臨床、組織病理學特點。通過電化學發光法檢測患者的血清促甲狀腺激素(TSH)、甲狀腺過氧化物酶抗體(TPOAb)及甲狀腺球蛋白抗體(TgAb)的水平。結果:269例PTC患者中有單純PTC患者211例,HT合并PTC患者58例(21.6%)。HT合并PTC患者住院時間為(5.2±2.5)d,明顯短于單純PTC患者的(7.4±5.4)d,差異有統計學意義(P=0.001)。HT合并PTC組患者中接受中央淋巴結清掃者13例(22.4%),單純PTC組患者中接受中央淋巴結清掃者23例(10.9%),差異有統計學意義(P=0.029)。血清學方面,HT合并PTC組患者的術前血清TgAb、TPOAb濃度的中位數及TSH水平的均值均顯著高于單純PTC組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.001)。此外,HT合并PTC組患者的腫瘤平均直徑為(1.3±0.7)cm,顯著小于單純PTC組患者的(2.3±1.0)cm,差異有統計學意義(P<0.001)。HT合并PTC組患者甲狀腺外浸潤的比例也顯著低于單純PTC組患者,差異有統計學意義(P=0.002)。結論:PTC患者合并HT發生率較高,HT基礎上發生的PTC預后可能更好。

【關鍵詞】 橋本甲狀腺炎; 甲狀腺乳頭狀癌; 預后

doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2017.18.003 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1674-6805(2017)18-0006-03

The Effect of Concurrent Hashimotos Thyroiditis on the Prognosis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer/FAN Ling,MU Teng,SHI Guo-hao.//Chinese and Foreign Medical Research,2017,15(18):6-8

【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the relationship between HT and PTC and to explore the effect of concurrent Hashimotos thyroiditis on the prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer.Method:269 patients with thyroid surgery and histologically confirmed PTC in Fengtai Hospital from 2000-2015 were analyzed according to the presence or absence of HT.Patients clinical and histopathological characteristics including gender,age,duration,surgical procedure,tumor size,infiltration range and lymph node attack were collected.Serum levels of TSH,TgAb and TPOAb were tested by electrochemiluminescence.Result:Of the 269 patients with PTC,21.6%(58/269) had HT. The duration of hospital stay was significantly shorter in PTC patients with HT than PTC alone patients[(5.2±2.5)d vs (7.4±5.4)d,P=0.001].In terms of the neck dissection,central neck dissection(CND) without lateral neck dissection was more frequently performed in patients with PTC and HT than in patients with PTC alone (22.4% vs 10.9%),the difference was statistically significant(P=0.029).Serologically,the levels of TgAb,TPOAb and TSH were significantly higher in the HT with PTC group than those in the PTC alone group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001).In addition,the average tumor diameter of 58 HT with PTC patients was (1.3±0.7)cm,whereas of 211 PTC alone patients,the diameter was (2.3±1.0)cm,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).The proportion of perithyroidal extension in the HT with PTC group was lower than that observed for the PTC alone group,the difference was statistically significant(P=0.002).Conclusion:The incidence rate of PTC patients combined with HT is high.The prognosis of PTC on the basis of HT may be much better.endprint

【Key words】 Hashimotos thyroiditis; Papillary thyroid cancer; Prognosis

First-authors address:Fengtai Hospital of Beijing,Beijing 100071,China

橋本甲狀腺炎(Hashimoto s thyroiditis,HT)是常見的器官特異性自身免疫性疾病,發病率約為0.3%~1.5%,女性發病率是男性的5~10倍[1-2]。甲狀腺球蛋白抗體(thyroglobulin antibody,TgAb)和甲狀腺過氧化物酶抗體(thyroid peroxidase antibody,TPOAb)是其標志性抗體[1-3]。甲狀腺癌是較常見的惡性腫瘤,其中甲狀腺乳頭狀癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)最為常見。近年來HT合并PTC的發病率呈上升趨勢,越來越受到臨床醫師的關注,本研究擬明確HT與PTC的臨床關聯,并在此基礎上進一步探討HT對PTC預后的影響。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

收集2000-2015年在豐臺醫院行甲狀腺手術,病理確診PTC的具有術前血清標本的病例共269例?;颊叩哪[瘤類型由兩名病理醫師獨立閱片確認均為典型的PTC?;颊叩幕九R床資料,包括年齡、性別、病程及手術方式,均來自于患者住院期間的病歷記錄。269例患者中男48例,女221例,年齡22~74歲,平均47.1歲。根據腫瘤體積的大小、淋巴結轉移及遠處轉移情況,所有PTC患者均按照TNM分期重新確定了病理分期[4]。此外本研究還根據年齡、有無遠處轉移、有無包膜外侵犯及腫瘤大?。╝ge,metastases,extent and size,AMES)來評估PTC患者復發風險,將PTC患者分為高危組及低危組[5]。

1.2 研究方法

比較所有研究對象,包括性別、年齡、病程、手術方式、腫瘤大小、浸潤范圍及淋巴結侵襲等在內的臨床、組織病理學特點。應用電化學發光分析儀測定患者血清促甲狀腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)水平、TgAb及TPOAb水平。

1.3 統計學處理

采用SPSS 22.0統計軟件處理數據;符合正態分布的計量資料用(x±s)表示,非正態分布的計量資料用中位數和四分位間距表示,計數資料以率(%)表示,統計學方法包括Mann-Whitney U檢驗及字2檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。

2 結果

2.1 PTC患者合并HT的發病率

269例PTC患者中有單純PTC患者211例,HT合并PTC患者58例(21.6%)。所有合并HT的患者組織學上均有彌漫的淋巴細胞浸潤,生發中心形成,甲狀腺細胞的破壞及不同程度的間質纖維化的表現。

2.2 HT合并PTC與單純PTC患者的臨床及血清學特點比較

HT合并PTC組患者接受手術的年齡為(42.2±12.0)歲,單純PTC組為(40.5±14.4)歲,差異無統計學意義(P=0.521)。HT合并PTC組男女比例為10/48,單純PTC組為38/173,差異無統計學意義(P=1.000)。但HT合并PTC患者住院時間為(5.2±2.5)d,明顯短于單純PTC患者的(7.4±5.4)d,差異有統計學意義(P=0.001)。

HT合并PTC組患者中接受甲狀腺全切者有44例(75.8%),接受頸部淋巴結清掃者29例(50.0%),接受中央淋巴結清掃者13例(22.4%),單純PTC組患者中接受甲狀腺全切者有170例(80.5%),接受頸部淋巴結清掃者111例(52.6%),兩組比較差異無統計學意義(P=0.463、0.768),單純PTC組接受中央淋巴結清掃者23例(10.9%),兩組比較差異有統計學意義(P=0.029)。HT合并PTC組術后出現永久性喉返神經麻痹者4例(6.9%),單純PTC組為16例(7.6%),差異無統計學意義(P=1.000)。出現永久性低鈣血癥的患者共有21例,5例(8.6%)在HT合并PTC組,16例(7.6%)在單純PTC組,差異無統計學意義(P=0.785)。

在HT合并PTC組與單純PTC組中,術前血清TgAb濃度的中位數及四分位數分別為642.75(20,1000)IU/ml和29.40(6.2,1000)IU/ml,差異有統計學意義(P<0.001);TPOAb濃度的中位數及四分位數分別為696.70(10,1000)IU/ml和3.74(0.2,847.2)IU/ml,差異有統計學意義(P<0.001);TSH水平分別為(4.22±1.03)mIU/ml和(2.03±0.45)mIU/ml,差異有統計學意義(P<0.001)。

2.3 HT合并PTC與單純PTC患者的組織病理學參數比較

HT合并PTC組患者的腫瘤平均直徑為(1.3±0.7)cm,顯著小于單純PTC組患者的(2.3±1.0)cm,差異有統計學意義(P<0.001)。HT合并PTC組患者甲狀腺外浸潤的比例為43.1%(25例),顯著低于單純PTC組患者的66.3%(140例),差異有統計學意義(P=0.002)。但在淋巴結轉移率[41.4%(24例)vs 33.2%(70例)]、腫瘤多灶性[34.5%(20例)vs 41.7%(88例)]及TNM分期[Ⅰ期:87.9%(51例)vs 71.1%(150例)]方面兩組比較,差異均無統計學意義(P=0.277、0.366、0.092)。本研究還通過AMES臨床分級系統來預估腫瘤的預后,269例PTC患者中有76例高?;颊?,其中14例在HT合并PTC組,62例在單純PTC組,差異無統計學意義(P=0.743)。endprint

3 討論

本研究中HT合并PTC的發生率為21.6%,提示HT可能與PTC關系密切。文獻[6]報道的HT合并PTC的發生率差異較大,約為0.5%~30%,其主要原因可能是存在對HT合并微小癌、隱匿癌的漏診,或者是將癌灶周圍淋巴反應診斷為HT,進而誤診為二者合并發生。

目前認為HT與甲狀腺癌相關性機制可能與輻射、高碘、免疫紊亂、TSH升高、分子生物學等多種因素相關[7-11],具體仍需進一步探討。

HT雖然可能是PTC的危險因素,但合并HT的PTC患者的預后較單純PTC患者更好。Kashima等[12]報道合并慢性甲狀腺炎的PTC患者的腫瘤特異性死亡率約為0.7%,10年無復發生存率約為95%,而未合并慢性甲狀腺炎的PTC患者腫瘤特異性死亡率約為5%,10年無復發生存率約為85%。Ahn等[13]對269例合并HT的PTC患者進行回顧性分析,研究發現合并HT的PTC患者年齡較小,以女性為主,腫瘤體積較小,淋巴轉移率較低,腫瘤惡性程度較低。本研究中兩組患者在年齡、性別比例上差異無統計學意義(P>0.05),但HT合并PTC患者住院時間明顯短于單純PTC患者組,這可能與兩組患者接受的手術方式的不同有關。本研究中單純PTC組患者接受中央淋巴結清掃者的比例要明顯高于HT合并PTC組患者,盡管兩組患者在接受甲狀腺全切手術及頸部淋巴結清掃者的比例上差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。

進一步分析HT對PTC預后的影響,同單純PTC組相比,研究發現合并HT的PTC患者腫瘤直徑更小,甲狀腺外浸潤率更低,提示其預后可能比單純PTC患者更好,但目前HT影響PTC預后的具體原因尚不清楚。

HT是常見的自身免疫性疾病,TgAb和TPOAb是其標志性抗體。在體外實驗中,Rebuffat等[14]發現TPOAb通過抗體依賴細胞介導的細胞毒性作用可以破壞甲狀腺癌細胞,阻止甲狀腺癌細胞轉移和復發。本研究中,HT合并PTC組患者的TPOAb水平遠高于單純PTC組。研究者還發現HT患者甲狀腺濾泡細胞中,Fas和Fas配體能夠激活細胞凋亡途徑,參與破壞腫瘤細胞[15-16]。此外HT合并PTC較單純PTC存在更多的體液免疫反應和細胞毒性T淋巴細胞介導的免疫反應,免疫反應產生的IL-1可抑制腫瘤細胞的生長[17]。此外,文獻[18]報道BRAFV600E陽性是甲狀腺癌的危險因素之一,研究者發現87.1%的PTC患者存在BRAFV600E,且其與淋巴結轉移密切相關[P<0.02,OR=6.24,95%置信區間(1.51,25.79)]。而Kwak等[19]發現合并HT的PTC患者BRAFV600E陽性率較低,這可能也是合并HT的PTC患者預后更佳的原因之一。

PTC患者合并HT發生率較高,更進一步發現HT基礎上發生的PTC預后可能更好,而HT患者血清中升高的TPOAb水平及BRAFV600E陽性率下降可能能夠解釋這種現象。因筆者所在醫院僅在HT患者懷疑合并甲狀腺惡性腫瘤時行甲狀腺手術治療,因此在探討HT和PTC的關系上存在選擇偏移。由于手術病理標本有限,在本研究中未對IL-1、BRAFV600E、T淋巴細胞等與HT及PTC關系密切的因素進行研究。本研究僅為觀察性研究,今后仍需更多工作對HT影響PTC預后的機制進行更為深入的探討。

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(收稿日期:2017-02-09)endprint

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