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3,3'-二吲哚甲烷通過抑制肝細胞的內質網應激改善酒精性脂肪肝的研究

2022-07-18 05:14黃冰張巖楊光宇李文學
右江醫學 2022年6期
關鍵詞:酒精性肝細胞甘油三酯

黃冰 張巖 楊光宇 李文學

【摘要】目的 觀察3,3'-二吲哚甲烷(3,3’-diindolylmethane, DIM)對Lieber-DeCarli標準型(regular型)酒精液體乙醇飼料(LD飼料)誘導的小鼠酒精性脂肪肝的改善作用,并對其分子作用機制進行初步探討。方法將40只6~8周齡雄性C57BL/6J小鼠隨機分為4組:正常對照組、酒精組、DIM(50 mg/kg)組和酒精+DIM(50 mg/kg)組,實驗結束后稱重,處死小鼠,收集血液和肝臟組織,分離血清測定肝功能指標,油紅O染色觀察肝臟的脂肪蓄積,Western blot檢測內質網應激通路蛋白的表達。結果與對照組相比,DIM對肝臟沒有顯著的影響,四組之間體重無顯著變化。與酒精組相比,DIM處理組血清中谷丙轉氨酶(ALT)和谷草轉氨酶(AST)水平顯著降低(P<0.05),油紅O染色和甘油三酯測定顯示肝臟甘油三酯含量顯著降低(P<0.05) 。DIM明顯減輕肝臟脂肪變性,Western blot結果表明DIM能夠抑制酒精誘導的內質網通路的關鍵蛋白PERP、eIF和CHOP的激活作用。結論DIM對小鼠酒精性脂肪肝具有一定的保護作用,其機制可能與抑制酒精激活的內質網應激通路有關。

【關鍵詞】酒精性脂肪肝;3,3'-二吲哚甲烷;內質網應激;Lieber-DeCarli標準型飼料

中圖分類號:R575.5文獻標志碼:ADOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-1383.2022.06.004

Effect of 3,3'-Diindolylmethane on improving alcoholic fatty liver

through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatocytes

HUANG Bing, ZHANG Yan, YANG Guangyu, LI Wenxue

(Department of Toxicological and Biochemical Laboratory, Guangzhou Center for

Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, Guangdong, China)

【Abstract】ObjectiveTo observe the effect of 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) on improving the alcoholic fatty liver of mice induced by Lieber-DeCarli standard (regular type) alcoholic liquid ethanol feed (LD feed) and preliminarily discuss its molecular mechanism of action. Methods40 male C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, alcohol group, DIM (50 mg/kg) group and alcohol + DIM (50 mg/kg) group. After the experiment, the mice were weighed and then killed, and their blood and liver tissues were collected; serum were separated to determine the liver function indexes, and liver tissue were stained with oil red O to observe the fat accumulation in liver; Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. ResultsCompared with the normal control group, DIM had no significant effect on the liver, and there was no significant change in body weight among the four groups. Compared with the alcohol group, the levels of alanine transferase (ALT) and aspartate transferase (AST) in the serum of DIM group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and oil red O staining and triglyceride determination showed that the content of liver triglyceride was decreased significantly (P<0.05). DIM significantly reduced the hepatic steatosis. Western blot results showed that DIM could inhibit the alcohol-induced activation of key proteins PERP, eIF and CHOP in the endoplasmic reticulum pathways. ConclusionDIM has a certain protective effect on the alcoholic fatty liver in mice, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of alcohol-activated endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways.

【Key words】alcoholic fatty liver; 3,3'-diindolylmethane; endoplasmic reticulum stress; Lieber-DeCarli standard feed

酒精性肝?。╝lcoholic liver disease, ALD)是由于長期過度攝入酒精而導致的一系列慢性肝臟損傷為特征的疾病。初期階段表現為酒精性脂肪肝(alcoholic fatty liver disease,AFLD),隨著病程的進展進一步演變為酒精性肝炎、酒精性肝纖維化、酒精性肝硬化,最終可能發展為酒精性肝癌[1]。研究發現內質網應激(endoplasmic reticulum stress, ERS)在酒精性肝病發生和發展過程中起重要作用,在酒精暴露的小鼠肝臟中,檢測到多種未正確折疊的蛋白,此外酒精引起的氧化應激也進一步誘導了內質網應激,內質網應激激活后誘導的細胞凋亡在肝細胞損傷中起著重要的作用[2~5]。因此,設計抑制內質網應激激活成為尋找防治AFLD發生發展的一個方向。

吲哚-3-甲醇(indole-3-carbinol, I3C)是一種從十字花科蔬菜如蘿卜、芹菜、花椰菜等中提取而得的植物化學物,具有多種生物學功能[6~7]。3,3’-二吲哚甲烷(3,3’-diindolylmethane, DIM)是I3C在胃酸等酸性條件下發生低聚而得到的二聚物,其生物效應比I3C更強,在抗癌和緩解內質網應激方面已在體內和體外實驗中得到證實[7~9]。然而對于酒精性脂肪肝,DIM是否能夠抑制酒精誘導的內質網應激作用而改善酒精性脂肪肝尚未見報道。因此本研究采用液體酒精飼料構建酒精性肝病的模型,觀察DIM對酒精致肝細胞損傷的拮抗作用,并初步探討其作用機制,以期為預防和治療提供新的理論依據。

1材料與方法1.1動物和飼料6~8周齡雄性C57BL/6J小鼠共40只,購自廣東省醫學實驗動物中心,體重在20~22 g,飼養在SPF動物房中,室溫22~25 ℃,相對濕度55%~60%,12 h的晝夜更替。Lieber-DeCarli酒精液體飼料購自南通特洛菲飼料科技有限公司,飼料中酒精熱量36%(酒精含量:5%,wt/V,g/100 mL),脂肪35%,蛋白質18%,碳水化合物11%,酒精36%。酒精對照飼料脂肪35%,蛋白質18%,碳水化合物47%。DIM購自Sigma公司(美國),甘油三酯試劑盒購自南京建成生物公司(中國),抗體購自Cell Signaling Technology公司(美國)。

1.2酒精性肝病動物模型構建小鼠隨機分為4組,①正常對照組:每天給予對照液體飼料(不含酒精);②酒精組:給予Lieber-DeCarli(LD)酒精液體飼料;③DIM 50 mg/kg組;④ DIM+LD飼料組。DIM灌胃給藥,連續給藥4周。各組小鼠造模期間每天觀察精神活動、反應能力、毛色等一般狀態。造模結束,稱重麻醉采血,離心取血清,肝臟稱重分裝。部分肝臟用4%多聚甲醛固定,剩余保存于-80 ℃冰箱備用。

1.3肝功能的檢查取血清按試劑盒說明書方法測定血清谷丙轉氨酶(ALT)、谷草轉氨酶(AST),采用甘油三酯檢測試劑盒檢測甘油三酯。

1.4油紅O染色取肝臟相同部分用4%多聚甲醛固定,冰凍切片,油紅O染色,顯微鏡下觀察其甘油三酯含量。

1.5Western blot于冰上提取組織蛋白,BCA試劑盒測定各樣本蛋白濃度,蛋白煮沸變性后上樣,10%聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳,用濕性轉膜法將蛋白轉移至PVDF膜上。含5%脫脂奶粉的TBST封閉2 h后分別用一抗稀釋液稀釋的抗體4 ℃孵育過夜,洗膜3次,加入二抗稀釋液稀釋的辣根過氧化酶標記的二抗,室溫孵育2 h,洗膜3次后加入化學發光液,采用成像系統自動曝光。

1.6統計學方法采用SPSS 20.0軟件對各項指標進行統計分析。服從正態分布的實驗數據以均數±標準差描述。兩組之間各種數據采用Student’s t-test檢驗(獨立樣本)或單因素方差分析(ANOVA),檢驗水準:α=0.05,雙側檢驗。

2結果2.1采用Lieber-DeCarli酒精液體模型飼料建立AFLD含酒精5%,wt/V的LD飼料喂養小鼠4周后,小鼠體重與對照組相比差異無統計學意義(P>0.05),50 mg/kg DIM和DIM聯合酒精染毒后,小鼠體重與對照組相比也無統計學意義(P>0.05)。見圖1。

2.2酒精和DIM處理小鼠后肝功能的改變酒精染毒后,小鼠肝臟的ALT和AST與對照組相比顯著升高(P<0.05),DIM單獨處理后,對肝功能沒有顯著的影響,但DIM聯合酒精染毒后,與單獨酒精染毒相比,DIM能夠顯著降低ALT和AST的含量(P<0.05),說明DIM對酒精誘導的肝臟具有保護功能。結果見圖2。

2.3酒精和DIM處理小鼠后肝臟中甘油三酯的改變采用油紅O對肝細胞中甘油三酯染色后發現,酒精染毒明顯增加了小鼠肝臟中甘油三酯的水平(P<0.05),DIM對肝臟中甘油三酯含量影響不明顯,但能夠顯著降低酒精誘導的甘油三酯的累積(P<0.05),通過定量檢測肝細胞中甘油三酯的濃度,與油紅O染色的結果吻合。結果見圖3。

2.4酒精和DIM處理小鼠后,肝細胞中內質網應激通路的改變情況內質網應激在酒精誘導的細胞毒性中起重要作用,因此本研究也檢測了內質網通路的關鍵蛋白PERP、eIF和CHOP。結果見圖4。酒精處理后,小鼠肝細胞中PERP和eIF的磷酸化明顯增加,CHOP蛋白的表達也顯著上調。DIM單獨處理對通路影響不明顯,但DIM和酒精聯合處理后,DIM能夠顯著降低PERP和eIF的磷酸化水平,CHOP的蛋白水平也出現顯著的下調,說明DIM能夠抑制酒精誘導的內質網應激的激活。

3討論

酒精性脂肪肝是由于長期過量攝入乙醇導致肝細胞脂肪代謝紊亂和脂質在肝細胞中沉積,從而形成脂肪肝[1~2]。本實驗結果表明,乙醇暴露后小鼠肝指數增加,肝臟甘油三酯含量積聚,血清ALT和AST的水平升高,肝細胞中出現脂質累積,周圍出現輕微的炎癥,說明模型構建成功。DIM作為一種具有生物活性的植物化學物,被廣泛用在緩解炎癥以及抗腫瘤的研究中[10~11]。研究發現,DIM也能夠緩解多種毒物誘導的急慢性肝毒性[12~13]。我們動物實驗研究發現DIM能夠降低乙醇暴露后引起的肝損傷,包括降低血清ALT、AST的水平,減少肝細胞脂質沉積,改善了酒精性脂肪肝。內質網應激能夠介導甘油三酯的進一步累積和誘導肝細胞凋亡,其在酒精性脂肪肝發生和發展過程中發揮重要作用[14]。酒精暴露后引起氧化應激和內質網應激導致肝細胞毒性和肝細胞中甘油三酯的持續累積,甘油三酯累積進一步導致線粒體功能紊亂,加重脂質累積,引起惡性循環,最終導致細胞出現凋亡[15]。本研究發現酒精誘導的肝臟脂肪變性中,內質網應激通路被激活,與之前文獻報道一致。而DIM能夠抑制酒精誘導的內質網通路的激活,因此可以推斷DIM可能通過此通路來逆轉酒精性脂肪肝。

參考文獻

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[10] JIANG Y Y,FANG Y F,YE Y,et al.Anti-cancer effects of 3,3'-diindolylmethane on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells is enhanced by calcium ionophore:the role of cytosolic Ca2 + and p38 MAPK[J].Front Pharmacol,2019,10:1167.

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