?

雖是同源副詞,但“兄弟倆”不一樣

2023-05-30 22:48于弟袁小林
廣東教育·高中 2023年1期
關鍵詞:兄弟倆初學者同源

于弟?袁小林

副詞是修飾動詞、形容詞、短語或全句的詞,表示時間、地點、方式、原因、程度等概念。副詞有很多種類,很有趣的是,有一些副詞由形容詞加后綴-ly 構成,但它們的形容詞本身也可以用作副詞,初學者非常容易混淆。這些副詞其實分為兩類。

一、同源副詞表示不相同但相關的含義

形容詞轉化的副詞:

wide;deep;high;close;low;tight;direct

形容詞加ly構成的副詞:

widely;deeply;highly; closely; lowly; tightly; directly

這兩種同源的副詞,意義不一樣,但彼此有一定聯系。 如:

In the vocation, the students were travelling deep into the countryside.

假期里,學生們深入鄉村旅行。

We should consider the matter a little more deeply.

我們應該更深入地思考這個問題。

初學者常對這兩種副詞的含義和用法困惑。那么這兩種副詞有什么區別呢?

比較:“深入鄉村旅行”和“深入思考”

前者是指具體地往深處走,后者指抽象地往深處思考。

因此我們可以這樣歸納;

與形容詞同形的副詞修飾具體的行為和動作;

形容詞加ly構成的副詞修飾抽象的行為和動作。 如:

Dont always keep the door wide open.

不要總是讓門大開著。 (wide adv.寬地、充分地)

This new law is widely regarded as too strict.

這部新法律被廣泛地認為太嚴苛了。(widely adv.廣泛地)

The boy was standing close to his mother.

男孩緊挨著媽媽站著。(close adv. 接近 )

The policeman was watching him closely.

警察在密切地監視著他。(closely adv. 緊密地、親近地)

The plane is flying high over the white clouds.

飛機在白云上高高飛過。(high adv. 高地、在高處)

The successful launch of the satellite was highly praised in

the world.

衛星的成功發射在全世界受到高度贊揚。(highly adv.

高度地、非常地)

We were talking low so we wouldnt wake the baby.

為了不吵醒嬰兒,我們低聲交談。(low adv.低地,向下)

The minister bowed lowly before the queen.

部長給女王謙恭地鞠了躬。(lowly adv. 地位低地,謙卑地)

The old man went downstairs, holding tight to the handrail.

老人走下樓梯,緊抓住扶手。(tight adv. 緊緊地)

The media was tightly controlled by the government during

the war.

戰爭時期,媒體被政府緊緊地控制著。 (tightly adv.緊

密地)

二、同源副詞表示不相同且不相關的意義

英語中,另外兩種同源副詞,意思完全不同,且毫不相關。

形容詞轉化的副詞:hard;late;most;short,near;cold

形容詞加ly構成的副詞: hardly; lately; mostly; shortly;nearly; coldly

這也是初學者容易弄錯的。如:

They are working hard at their lessons at school.

他們在學校努力學習功課。(hard adv. 努力地)

I was very tired, I could hardly open my eyes.

我太累了,幾乎睜不開眼睛。(hardly adv.幾乎不,簡直不)

I am sorry I arrived late for the meeting.

對不起,我開會來晚了。(late adv. 遲,晚)

I have been very busy at the work lately.

我最近工作很忙。(lately adv.近來,最近)

This is what the old man likes most.

這是老人最喜歡的東西。(most adv. 最,非常)

There were about forty people on the bus, mostly women

and children.

公汽上大約有四十人,大部分是婦女兒童。(mostly adv.

主要地;大部分地)

Our supplies of beer are running short.

我們的啤酒存貨不多了。(short adv. 不足;快用完)

The manager left for Beijing shortly after the meeting.

會議后經理馬上就去了北京。(shortly adv. 立即;簡短地)

The time for his retirement was drawing near.

他退休的日子正在臨近。(near adv.近;很快)

He has worked in the company for nearly 30 years.

他在這個公司工作了差不多30年。(nearly adv.幾乎,接近)

英語表達是具體而準確的,同源的兩種副詞看起來相似,含義往往不同,所以要細心地區別。

責任編輯?吳昊雷

猜你喜歡
兄弟倆初學者同源
兩岸年味連根同源
兄弟倆
以同源詞看《詩經》的訓釋三則
初學者,趕緊看過來
“鋌”有“直”義的詞源學解釋——兼說/直/義的同源詞族
喜歡學數學的兄弟倆
米和厘米兄弟倆
淺談如何提高初學者的鋼琴演奏能力
初學者如何臨寫《九成宮醴泉路》
虔誠書畫乃同源
91香蕉高清国产线观看免费-97夜夜澡人人爽人人喊a-99久久久无码国产精品9-国产亚洲日韩欧美综合