Study on the Roots of “Marketplace” language of Pan Jinlian in The Golden Lotus

【Abstract】There are many typical characteristics in “The Golden Lotus”， Pan Jinlian is undoubtedly the most outstanding. Pan jinlians words have a characteristic of the “Marketplace” language， which is embodied in the use of coarse language and allegorical sayings. There are three elements which influence this linguistic feature： one is the influence of social morality； second， the influence of Pan Jinlians own experience； The 3rd is the environment of Ximen Qings family.

【Key words】Pan Jinlian； “Marketplace” language； linguistic feature

【作者簡介】周輝（1993.02-），男，山東臨沂人，青島大學，文學院，碩士研究生，研究方向：中國古代文學。

The description of The Golden Lotus is a picture of the late Ming dynasty society， in The Golden Lotus， many women showed the female characters different， they open， indulgence， defying ritual constraints. Their words will also be influenced by such an open society， full of urban characteristics. In The Golden Lotus， Pan Jinlian makes extensive use of coarse language and allegorical sayings， her language is full of urban characteristics.

There are three elements which influence this linguistic feature： one is the influence of social morality； second， the influence of pan Jinlians own experience； the 3rd is the environment of Ximen Qings family.

Firstly， the social atmosphere of the late Ming dynasty had a profound influence on the formation of Pan Jinlians communicative language. The social atmosphere of the late Ming dynasty is no longer as honest and simple as the early Ming dynasty. This period was characterized by timeserving and luxury. Influenced by the commodity economy， the social values and social trends of this period have undergone great changes. People tend to put more emphasis on business and profit， and the status of “profit” in peoples mind has been greatly improved. At the same time， the world and human relations have also undergone great changes， the traditional ethics and morals have been shaken， the early Ming dynasty society is characterized by simple， after the middle of the Ming dynasty， human relations are indifferent. the traditional ethical concept is also facing challenges. Moreover， the loose political rule and the decline of Neo-Confucianism in the late Ming dynasty also effected the change of social atmosphere. The description of The Golden Lotus is such a late Ming dynasty society.we can see above mentioned phenomena from the novel. Pan Jinlian lived in this society， she was sold to sell， had went through the vicissitudes of life and inconstancy of human relationships， and fully experienced the world of indifference and scheme， and influenced by this atmosphere， Pan Jinlian must have a venomous seed in her heart， after marrying Ximen Qing， compared to Ximen Qings other wives， Pan Jinlian is more sophisticated， her behavior and language are full of scheme and plot， she also knew only reply on those can base on this big family.

Secondly， Pan Jinlians own experience is the direct cause of her linguistic characteristics. Pan jinlians life experience is very pitiful. In the 24th volume， the author describes Pan Jinlians life， appearance and marital status in a general way. It is benefit from those experiences that Pan Jinlian is able to achieve success one way or another after she married Ximen Qing. it is because there is such a life experience， Pan Jinlian could have a deep understanding of communication tools， also can more access to the indulgent society. She was gradually becoming lubricious， vicious， charming and cunning through those experiences. Moreover， years of market life must have given her a deep understanding of the customs of the market， so it is not surprising that she can use a lot of vulgar words and allegorical sayings in her language.

Finally， the family situation of Ximen is also an important factor forming the linguistic characteristics of Pan Jinlian. In the Ximens family， Ximen Qing is more to participate in the business and officialdom， so servants are the intermediaries between Pan Jinlian and Ximen Qing. Living in such an environment， Pan Jinlian is hard to avoid the influence of many servants， people are mostly local ruffians and hooligans without education， their language is originally the market， compared to other wives and concubines，The large number of contacts with servants is an important reason for the vulgar language of Pan Jinlian.

Pan Jinlians language contains a large number of coarse words and allegorical sayings， which are caused by the character of pan jinlian， is also an important characteristic of her as an urban woman. It can be said that Pan jinlians language is unique in The Golden Lotus. The “Marketplace” language of Pan Jinlian is distinctive， The allegorical sayings and curses in Pan Jinlians language are also unique with personal characteristics and characteristics of the Times.It is not only related to Pan Jinlians own experience and living environment， but also the a product of that society and culture.