孔子學院創新發展

論壇圍繞“孔子學院公共形象塑造”“中外大學發揮孔子學院辦學主體作用”“孔子學院的特色化發展與區域協作”和“孔子學院辦學質量評估”四個主題舉辦工作坊，來自17 個國家的25 名代表在論壇上發言，現場650 人（次）觀眾圍繞各工作坊主題展開熱烈討論，充分交流經驗，為孔子學院創新發展提出諸多建設性意見。

工作坊1：孔子學院形象塑造

南非約翰內斯堡大學副校長Saurabh Sinha 指出孔子學院的形象塑造與其所在大學的形象塑造緊密聯系和密切相關，應積極利用現代科技、新媒體平臺和科研成果來打造品牌，中外方校級領導應直接參與，用定量研究方法分析提升孔子學院形象的成效。尼日利亞納姆迪·阿齊克韋大學孔子學院理事Emmanuel Chukwunonye Ojukwu 提到，孔子學院的學員就是文化大使，每一個成功的學員會影響一批人，孔子學院的形象是通過每個學員來塑造的。英國蘭開夏中央大學孔子學院外方院長余斐霞表示，公關在形象建設中起著積極的作用，不僅要對外公關，也要對內公關，要讓人一想到中國文化就想到孔子學院；形象建設不僅要有財力上的投資，更要有時間上的投資，使得形象建設具有可持續性。美國西弗吉尼亞大學副校長William Iriving Brustein 表示，應鼓勵孔子學院向所在大學和相關部門展示其學術以及其他附加價值，得到當地機構的支持和幫助。意大利那不勒斯東方大學校長 Elda Morlicchio 介紹，那不勒斯東方大學孔子學院努力在那不勒斯社區培育中國文化，使其成為當地文化的一個組成部分；其工作內容不僅包括介紹中國傳統文化，如通過中文教學，幫助當地中小學學生更好地認知中國文化，還包括促進意大利和中國的友好交往，如組織經濟、一帶一路、5G 科技發展國際會議等。

工作坊2：中外大學發揮孔子學院辦學主體作用

四位外國大學代表和四位中國大學代表分別從中外方角度進行了分享。日本北陸大學專務理事周航認為，外方大學校在領導層支持、學院法律地位、人員和經費方面應給予支持，不能全部依靠孔子學院總部。巴西南大河聯邦大學孔子學院院長 Antonio Domingos 表示應通過孔子學院積極促進兩國在人員、貿易方面的交流。烏干達麥克雷大學副校長Barnabas Nawangwe 指出其大學的孔子學院雖成立時間較短，但大學十分珍視孔子學院為其帶來的價值。承辦多所孔子學院的中方大學代表，如中國政法大學校長馬懷德、北京語言大學副校長張寶鈞、大連外國語大學副書記王偉辰和中國吉林大學國際交流處處長張廣翠均介紹了中方大學為支持所承辦的孔子學院所提供人員、經費、教材、文化用品、行政等各方面的支持，指出支持孔子學院是一項系統工程，為大學對外交流提供了寶貴的機會和經驗。中外代表一致認為，孔子學院總部在孔子學院辦學過程中，應該提供更多的政策指導和支持。來自贊比亞、南非、尼日利亞等多國校領導在觀眾席中發言，他們表示為各自大學的孔子學院感到驕傲。美國的一位院長指出，面對當前對孔子學院的無端指責，應探索創新的思路去開展工作，今年的“國際中文教育大會”本身就是一個非常好的例子。

工作坊3：孔子學院的特色化發展與區域協作

代表們認為應找準對方需求，開展高質量的文化項目。例如，美國加州大學洛杉磯分?？鬃訉W院、俄羅斯圣彼得堡國立大學孔子學院通過電影這個媒介開展國際電影展，協同合作，與當地藝術館進行長期合作、與電影院線合作引進中國電影，邀請中國知名導演與當地導演與藝術家進行學術交流，給予當地民眾藝術啟發和靈感。有代表認為，應結合中外雙方大學專業能力和當地需求，開展相關“中文+”的項目。例如，葡萄牙科英布拉大學孔子學院在大學里開展傳統中醫藥培訓，包括開設中醫藥的基礎課程，中醫養生和健康等項目，與當地協會合作組織相關培訓，除了在孔子學院所在城市，還在其他城市進行中醫藥的巡講和培訓。一些孔子學院成立了“一帶一路”科研中心等。例如，英國蘭卡斯特大學孔子學院定期邀請國內外專家召開研討會，依托孔子學院平臺，建立中外專家團隊聯合開展研究課題和項目，這些經費來自于孔子學院總部和外方大學的支持，已取得一定影響力的學術成果，發表多篇SCI 論文。在協同合作方面，代表一致表示，要充分利用各方面資源，挖掘合作大學動力，凝聚社會力量，共享孔子學院平臺，除了在中文專業方面的合作，還包括其他人文交流各領域的合作。

工作坊4：孔子學院辦學質量評估

孟加拉國南北大學校長Atiqul Islam、南非約翰內斯堡大學副校長Saurabh Sinha 指出，質量評估也許會給被評估單位造成一定壓力，但卻是保證孔子學院良好可持續發展的必要手段，如何做好質量評估，是孔子學院中外方承辦單位和孔子學院總部應該高度重視的問題。法國布列塔尼孔子學院外方院長Blaise Thierrée、西班牙薩拉戈薩大學孔子學院中方院長崔予文認為，質量評估應當注重多樣化，注重評估維度的多樣化，即是否契合大學的戰略發展規劃，是否滿足當地政府和社區對中文和中華文化的理解需要，是否符合孔子學院學員和家長對中文學習的成果期待等；多樣化還包括評估方法的多樣化，即注重定性分析和定量分析的結合，兼顧評估信度和效度，綜合考慮評估的統一標準和國別、地區本土化差異，體現評估結果的橫向和縱向可比性，實現科學評估。英國諾丁漢大學孔子學院外方院長Jason Feehily 認為，評估可以是年度工作，也可以是季度、月度工作，評估不是目的，以評估結果來推動孔子學院提質增效，實現可持續良性發展才是目的。美國北卡羅來納大學夏洛特分?？鬃訉W院外方院長張永齡認為，評估單位要注重且兼顧兩個方面的內容，一是要用數據說話。沒有實證數據和定量分析做基礎，任何溢美之詞都無立足之地；二是也要關注不可量化的定性內容，例如對大學國際化戰略和學科建設進程的貢獻，增進社區人民對中國的好感和理解程度等，大多是不可量化的，但也必須納入評估考慮之中。德國慕尼黑孔子學院外方院長高芳芳建議可以考慮采用ISO9001 等國際化的質量管理體系評估方法，在國外比較有說服力。這種認證辦法不是一次認證終身合格的，而是每年都有定期回訪。通過這種不斷的監督與打磨，可以敦促孔子學院實現長期透明公開、合法合規、高效的可持續運作，并且可以避免因人員更迭而導致的管理脫節。

The forum held four workshops centering on “image building of the Confucius Institute”, “Chinese and foreign universities play Confucius Institute’s main role in school-running”, “featured development and regional cooperation of the Confucius Institute”and “performance evaluation of the Confucius Institute”. 25 delegates from 17 countries made statements on the forum, and 650 audiences performed heated discussion on these four themes,shared their experience, and proposed constructive suggestions for the innovative development of the Confucius Institute.

Workshop 1: Image Building of Confucius Institute

Saurabh Sinha, Deputy Vice Chancellor of the University of Johannesburg in South Africa, pointed out that the image building of the Confucius Institute has a close relationship with the image building of the host university, and can be realized by modern technology, new media platform and achievements in scientific research. Leaders of Chinese and foreign universities should take the lead to participate in the image building as well as analyze and improve the image of the Confucius Institute by quantitative research. Emmanuel Chukwunonye Ojukwu, Council Member of the Confucius Institute at Nnamdi Azikewe University in Nigeria,said that students in the Confucius Institute symbolize culture ambassadors and set an example for others by their success. The image of the Confucius Institute is built by every Confucius Institute student. Yu Feixia, Foreign Director of the Confucius Institute at the University of Central Lancashire in the U.K., said that,public relations play a positive role in building the image of the Confucius Institute. We should build good internal and external public relations of the Confucius Institute, so that the Confucius Institute will cross their mind when people think of China; image building is not just about investment of finance but of time, which can realize the sustainability of the image building. William Iriving Brustein, Vice President of West Virginia University in the U.S., said that the Confucius Institute should be encouraged to present its academic and other added values to its host university and relevant departments, so as to obtain support and assistance from local institutions. Elda Morlicchio, Director of Oriental University of Napoli in Italy, introduced that the Confucius Institute at Oriental University of Napoli is working on cultivate Chinese culture in local communities to integrate it into a part of local culture. The Institute is working on not only introducing Chinese traditional culture, such as helping elementary and middle school students better know about Chinese culture by teaching Chinese language, but also on developing the friendly relations between China and Italy, such as organizing international meetings related to economy, the Belt and Road and 5G technology development.

Workshop 2: Chinese and Foreign Universities Play Confucius Institute’s Main Role in School-Running

Four delegates from foreign universities and four delegates from Chinese universities shared their views. Zhou Hang,Specialized Council Member of Hokuriku University in Japan,said that the foreign universities should support the Confucius Institute in legal status identification, staff and fund, not just relying on the Confucius Institute Headquarters. Antonio Domingos, Director of the Confucius Institute at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, said it is hoped to promote personnel and trade exchanges between China and Brazil through the Confucius Institute. Barnabas Nawangwe, Vice-Chancellor of Makerere University of Uganda, pointed out his university cherishes the values brought by its newly founded Confucius Institute. The delegates of Chinese universities that have founded several Confucius Institutes with host universities, including Ma Huaide, President of China University of Political Science and Law, Zhang Baojun, Vice President of Beijing Language and Culture University, Wang Weichen, Vice Chair of the University Council of Dalian University of Foreign Languages, and Zhang Guangcui, Director of the Office of Global Engagement of Jilin University, introduced the support offered by Chinese universities in staff, fund, textbooks, cultural articles, and administration for establishing the Confucius Institutes. They also pointed out that the Confucius Institute as a systematic project provides valuable opportunities and experience for universities’ external exchanges. In addition, all delegates agreed that the Confucius Institute Headquarters should offer more policy guidance and support. Principals from the universities in Zambia, South Africa and Nigeria made statements in audience seats. They said they are proud of the Confucius Institutes at their universities. A U.S.Confucius Institute director said that for those groundless accusations against the Confucius Institute, we should explore innovative ways to continue our work. This year’s International Chinese Language Education Conference is a great example in its own right.

Workshop 3: Featured Development and Regional Cooperation of Confucius Institute

The delegates reckoned that we should launch high-quality cultural programs based on people’s needs. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles and the Confucius Institute at Saint Petersburg State University in Russia, held international film exhibitions, established a longterm partnership with local arts museums, and had cooperation with movie theaters to introduce Chinese films. They also invited Chinese renowned directors to have academic exchanges with local directors and artrists, inspiring local people in art. Some delegates said that we should carry out relevant “Chinese+” programs based on specialty advantages of both universities and local needs. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Coimbra in Portugal has set up training programs of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and offered TCM basic courses and TCM health preservation projects and other health projects. It has also organized training in cooperation with local associations,and launched tour lecture and training on TCM in other cities.Some Confucius Institutes have set up the Belt and Road research centers. For example, the Confucius Institute at Lancaster University in the U.K. has invited experts at home and abroad to hold seminars on a regular basis, and built expert teams through the Confucius Institute to carry out research on subjects and projects under the financial support from the Confucius Institute Headquarters and the host university. At present, it has already achieved the academic achievements with a certain influence and published multiple SCI theses. The delegates agreed that we should make best use of various resources, explore the potential of host universities, obtain social support, and share the platform of the Confucius Institute, to realize cooperation in Chinese language as well as people-to-people and cultural exchanges.

Workshop 4: Performance Evaluation of Confucius Institute

Atiqul Islam, President of the North-South University of BAtiqul Islam, Vice Chancellor of North South University in Bangladesh, and Saurabh Sinha, Deputy Vice Chancellor of the University of Johannesburg in South Africa, pointed out performance evaluation will put some pressure on the institution to be evaluated, but is a necessary approach to keep the sustainable development of the Confucius Institute. How to carry out performance evaluation is a problem that Chinese and host universities and the Confucius Institute Headquarters need to pay great attention. Blaise Thierrée, Foreign Director of the Confucius Institute in Bretagne in France, and Cui Yuwen, Chinese Director of the Confucius Institute at the University of Zaragoza in Spain, said that performance evaluation should be diversified in dimension.In other words, whether it is fit for the university’s strategic development plan, whether it can help the local government and communities understand Chinese language and culture, whether it can meet the expectations of students and parents for the results of Chinese learning. Moreover, performance evaluation should be diversified in method, i.e. it should focus on the combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, and consider evaluation reliability and validity, as well as unified evaluation standards and differences between countries and regions, and embody the horizontal and vertical comparability of evaluation results, so as to realize scientific evaluation. Jason Feehily, Foreign Director of the Confucius Institute at the University of Nottingham in the U.K., said that this performance evaluation can be conducted by month, quarter or year. Its aim is to improve the teaching quality and outcomes of the Confucius Institute by evaluation results,thus realizing sustainable development. Zhang Yongling, Foreign Director of the Confucius Institute at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in the U.S., said that the evaluation institution should focus on and consider two aspects: first, evaluation should base on data. Without real data and quantitative analysis,any praises are groundless; the second is qualitative content that is unquantifiable. For example, the contribution to the university’s internationalization strategy, the discipline construction, and the promotion of the community’s goodwill and understanding of China are unquantifiable, but should be taken into account. Gao Fangfang, Foreign Director of the Confucius Institute in Munich,suggested adopting some international evaluation approaches such as quality management system ISO9001, which is more persuasive abroad and conducted by year. According to such supervision and polishing, the Confucius Institute can realize a long-term, open, transparent, efficient, legitimate and sustainable operation, while avoiding the disorder in management due to staff changes.