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MIS-TLIF與W-TLIF治療單節段腰椎椎管狹窄癥的臨床效果分析

2020-09-02 06:39林曦尹曉明林飛躍徐楊
中外醫學研究 2020年18期
關鍵詞:微創腰椎

林曦 尹曉明 林飛躍 徐楊

【摘要】 目的:探討微創經椎間孔腰椎椎體間融合術(MIS-TLIF)與單切口雙側Wiltse入路的經椎間孔腰椎椎體間融合術(W-TLIF)治療單節段腰椎椎管狹窄癥的臨床效果。方法:選取2015年7月1日-2017年7月1日筆者所在醫院收治的100例單節段腰椎椎管狹窄患者,根據治療方式不同將其分為MIS-TLIF和W-TLIF組,每組50例。比較兩組術中失血量、手術時間、住院時間、術后ODI、VAS評分及并發癥發生情況。結果:MIS-TLIF組手術時間長于W-TLIF組,術中出血量顯著少于W-TLIF組,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05)。兩組住院時間比較差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。術后6周兩組ODI及VAS評分比較差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05)。兩組并發癥發生率比較差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。結論:與MIS-TLIF相比,W-TLIF手術時間較短,但失血量更多,但是兩種方法治療單節段的腰椎管狹窄癥的效果相近,術者可根據自己的經驗選擇手術方式。

【關鍵詞】 腰椎椎管狹窄癥 經椎間孔椎間融合術 Wiltse入路 微創 腰椎 單節段

doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.18.002 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1674-6805(2020)18-000-03

Clinical Effect Analysis of MIS-TLIF and W-TLIF in the Treatment of Single-segment Lumbar Spinal Stenosis/LIN Xi, YIN Xiaoming, LIN Feiyue, XU Yang. //Chinese and Foreign Medical Research, 2020, 18(18): -5

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) and single incision bilateral Wiltse approach transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (W-TLIF) in the treatment of single-segment lumbar spinal stenosis. Method: A total of 100 patients with single-segment lumbar spinal stenosis admitted in our hospital from July 1st, 2015 to July 1st, 2017 were selected and divided into the MIS-TLIF group and the W-TLIF group according to different treatment methods, with 50 patients in each group. The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, hospitalization time, postoperative ODI, VAS score and complications were compared between the two groups. Result: The operation time of MIS-TLIF group was longer than that of W-TLIF group, and the intraoperative blood loss was significantly less than that of W-TLIF group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the hospitalization time between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in ODI and VAS scores between the two groups 6 weeks after operation (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with MIS-TLIF, the operation time of W-TLIF is shorter, but the blood loss is greater. However, the two methods have similar effects in the treatment of single-segment lumbar spinal stenosis, and the operator can choose the operation method according to his own experience.

[Key words] Lumbar spinal stenosis Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion Wiltse approach Minimally invasive Lumbar spine Single segment

MIS-TLIF應用管道牽拉系統經椎間孔減壓的微創手術技術[5],可以保留對側的肌肉、韌帶和骨組織,減少切口相關的軟組織損傷,術中失血量少,術后可早期活動[6],從而減少術后切口相關的疼痛及鎮痛藥的應用。管道牽拉系統可以替代助手拉鉤,但因為管道牽張系統的限制,MIS-TLIF不利于多節段手術。為了精準定位,MIS-TLIF術中X線的暴露更多[7]。利用皮下軟組織彈性行正中單切口雙側Wiltse入路[8],從肌肉間隙進入,同樣可以更好地暴露后方韌帶復合體和椎旁肌肉[9]。本研究發現,MIS-TLIF組失血量明顯少于W-TLIF組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05);W-TLIF手術時間明顯短于MIS-TLIF組,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。表明MIS-TLIF出血更少,可能與管道牽張止血有關。MIS-TLIF手術時間更長,可能與手術視野小有關[10]。兩組住院時間及術后ODI及VAS評分比較差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。兩種手術均可取得良好的效果,術后恢復快。

W-TLIF入路手術視野更好,初學者更容易掌握,相比MIS-TLIF更適合2個節段及以上的病變。MIS-TLIF的學習曲線較陡峭。術者熟練掌握后,手術時間會明顯縮短。本研究發現MIS-TLIF組手術時間長于W-TLIF組,可能與術中透視及操作視野較小有關。研究表明MIS-TLIF需要更多的透視[11]。MIS-TLIF術中操作的射線暴露平均是W-TLIF的2.5倍,而眼睛、甲狀腺和手部的射線暴露是W-TLIF的10~20倍[5]。

Phan等[12]通過meta分析表明MIS-TLIF的感染率明顯低于W-TLIF(1.2% VS 4.6%)。W-TLIF與傳統的雙側切開相比更加美觀,但是如果一味追求小切口可能造成過度牽拉,造成皮膚軟組織缺血,容易造成術后切口愈合不良。術者發現加長0.5~1 cm的切口,可明顯降低術中因過度牽拉造成的皮膚缺血壞死。本研究結果顯示,兩組術后并發癥發生率比較差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。MIS-TLIF組出現1例腦脊液滲漏和1例神經根損傷,可能和通道下得操作視野小有關。W-TLIF組因為單切口,皮膚牽拉時間較長,早期出現2例皮膚切口愈合不良,因此術中可適當延長切口,避免皮膚過度牽拉,減少愈合不良情況發生。

脊柱微創手術目前已經是一種發展趨勢,MIS-TLIF和W-TLIF技術都可以很好的保留后方韌帶復合體,對椎旁肌肉的損傷小,術后疼痛較少,可以早期下床活動,對于單節段腰椎椎管狹窄癥患者都可以取得良好的效果,MIS-TLIF操作視野小,手術時間更長,注意防止神經相關并發癥得發生,W-TLIF可適當延長切口,防止切口愈合不良,術者可以根據自己的經驗,選擇自己擅長的手術方式。

參考文獻

[1] Khoi D T,Paul P,Kai-Ming F,et al.Clinical and radiographic parameters associated with best versus worst clinical outcomes in minimally invasive spinal deformity surgery[J].Journal of Neurosurgery Spine,2016,25(1):21-25.

[2] Jun-tao Q,Yu T,Mei W,et al.Comparison of MIS vs.open PLIF/TLIF with regard to clinical improvement,fusion rate,and incidence of major complication:a meta-analysis[J].European Spine Journal,2015,24(5):1058-1065.

[3] Fan Y,Zhang J N,He X,et al.A Comparison of the Mini-Open Wiltse Approach with Pedicle Screw Fixation and the Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation for Neurologically Intact Thoracolumbar Fractures[J].Medical Science Monitor,2017,20(23):5515-5521.

[4] Choi W S,Kim J S,Ryu K S,et al.Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion at L5-S1 through a Unilateral Approach:Technical Feasibility and Outcomes[J].BioMed Research International,2016,25(18):394.

[5] Ge D H,Stekas N D,Varlotta C G,et al.Comparative Analysis of Two Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Techniques: Open TLIF Versus Wiltse MIS TLIF[J].Spine,2019,44(9):E555-E560.

[6] Alimi M,Hofstetter C P,Pyo S Y,et al.Minimally invasive laminectomy for lumbar spinal stenosis in patients with and without preoperative spondylolisthesis:clinical outcome and reoperation rates[J].Journal of Neurosurgery Spine,2015,22(4):339-352.

[7] Miller L E,Bhattachary S,Pracyk J.Minimally Invasive Versus Open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Single-Level Degenerative Disease:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials[J].World Neurosurgery,2019,133:358-365.

[8] Street J T,Andrew Glennie R,Dea N,et al.A comparison of the Wiltse versus midline approaches in degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine[J].Journal of Neurosurgery Spine,2016,25(3):332-338.

[9] Li H,Yang L,Chen J,et al.Magnetic resonance imaging-based anatomical study of the multifidus-longissimus cleavage planes in the lumbar spine[J].American Journal of Translational Research,2016,8(1):109-116.

[10] Feng C,Zhang Y,Chong F,et al.Establishment and Implementation of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Pathway Tailored for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery[J].World Neurosurgery,2019,129(5):e317-e323.

[11] Vaishnav A S,Merrill R,Sandhu H,et al.A Review of Techniques,Time-demand,Radiation Exposure and Outcomes of Skin-anchored Intra-operative 3D Navigation in Minimally Invasive Lumbar Spinal Surgery[J].Spine,2019,11(7):1-28.

[12] Phan K,Rao P J,Kam A C,et al.Minimally invasive versus open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for treatment of degenerative lumbar disease:systematic review and meta-analysis[J].European Spine Journal,2015,24(5):1017-1030.

(收稿日期:2020-02-24) (本文編輯:桑茹南)

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