曹傳緒
狀語從句在復合句中修飾主句中的謂語動詞、形容詞或副詞等。狀語從句一般由從屬連詞引導。當狀語從句位于句首或句中時,通常用逗號將其與主句隔開。當狀語從句位于句尾時,可以不用逗號隔開。狀語從句分類如下:
[類型 引導詞 時間狀語從句 when, before, after, as, while, as soon as, since, not... until..., whenever等 原因狀語從句 because, as, since等 條件狀語從句 if, unless等 比較狀語從句 as / so... as..., than等 結果狀語從句 so / such... that...等 目的狀語從句 in order that, so that等 讓步狀語從句 although / though, even though / if等 ]
這里著重介紹以下三種狀語從句用法及涉及到的考點:
一、unless引導的條件狀語從句
unless意為“如果不;除非”,相當于if... not。
We
=We
注意:unless和if引導條件狀語從句時,從句常用一般現在時表示將來,而主句則用一般將來時,即遵循“主將從現”原則。
二、as soon as引導的時間狀語從句
as soon as意為“一……就……”,表示從句和主句的動作先后發生,間隔短暫。
The students became quiet as soon as the teacher came in. 老師一進來,學生們就安靜下來了。
注意:as soon as可表示將來的事,這時主句用一般將來時,從句常用一般現在時,即遵循“主將從現”原則。
You
三、so... that...引導的結果狀語從句
so... that...意為“如此……以至于……”,引導結果狀語從句。常見于以下四種結構:
(1) so+形容詞/副詞+that從句。
He ran so fast that we couldn
(2) so+形容詞+a / an+單數名詞+that從句。
It is so interesting a book that I want to read it again. 這本書如此有趣,我還想再讀一遍。
(3) so+many / few+復數名詞+that從句。
He has so few friends that he often feels lonely. 他朋友很少,所以他經常感到孤獨。
(4) so+much / little+不可數名詞+that從句。
There was so much work to do that everybody got bored. 有這么多的事要做,人人都感到厭煩了。
注意:such... that...意為“如此……以至于……”,也可以引導結果狀語從句,但such修飾的是名詞。
They are such good students that the teacher likes them. 他們都是很好的學生,所以老師喜歡他們。
四、so... that... / unless / as soon as句型改寫考點
(1) so... that...
so... that...引導結果狀語從句,當that后面接否定句時,可以與“too... to... (太……而不能……)”結構互換。
He was so angry that he couldn
=He was too angry to say a word.
拓展:在so... that...句型中,當主句的主語與that引導的從句的主語一致時,“ so... that+肯定句”句型可與“enough to...”句型互換;“ so... that+否定句”句型可與“too... to...”句型互換。
He was so clever that he could understand what I said. 他很聰明,能聽懂我說的話。
=He was clever enough to understand what I said.
The girl is so young that she can
=The girl is too young to dress herself.
(2) unless
unless意為“如果不……;除非”,引導條件狀語從句,相當于if條件狀語從句的否定形式,即unless=if... not。
Unless you put on your raincoat you
=If you don
(3) as soon as
as soon as意為“一……就……”,其中的從句通常用一般現在時表示將來??梢杂糜诳谡Z和書面語中。它在句中的位置比較靈活,而且可以用于各種時態。
I
As soon as I went in, Tom cried out with pleasure. 我一進去,湯姆就高興地叫了起來。(一般過去時)
as soon as可以用the minute 來改寫。
As soon as I went in, Tom cried out with pleasure.