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條件狀語從句

2022-04-11 12:34高潔
瘋狂英語·初中版 2022年4期
關鍵詞:主句努力學習連詞

高潔

考點詳解

條件狀語從句,即在某種條件下,一件事情可能發生。條件是指某件事情實現之后(狀語從句中),一件事情(主句)才能發生,通常譯作“假如,只要,如果”等意思。

引導條件狀語從句的連詞或詞組有:if( 如果),unless( 除非),aslong as( 只要),等等。條件狀語從句中,主從句的時態要遵循“主將從現”的原則,即主句是一般將來時,條件狀語從句用一般現在時來代替一般將來時。如:

I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.

如果明天下雨,我就待在家。

You can’t learn English well unless you work hard.

除非你努力學習,否則是學不好英語的。

1.if 引導的條件狀語從句

表示在某種條件下某事很可能發生。如:

If we pay much attention to the earth, we’ll have a better world.

如果我們多關愛地球,我們會擁有一個更美好的世界。

If it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?

如果明天下雨,我們怎么辦?

If you ask him, he will help you.

如果你請他幫忙,他會幫你的。

If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.

如果你考試不及格,你會讓他失望的。

注意:if 還可以引導虛擬條件句,表示不可實現的條件,從句中多用一般過去時或過去完成時。如:

What would happen if there were no water?

如果沒有水會怎樣?

2. unless 引導的條件狀語從句

unless 的意思是“如果不,除非”。如:

You will fail in English unless you work hard.

如果你不努力,你的英語考試會不及格。

You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.

如果你不早點動身,你就不能及時趕到那兒。

Unless it rains, the game will be played.

除非下雨,比賽將照常進行。

3. as /so long as 引導的條件狀語從句

as /so long as 的意思是“只要”。如:

So long as you’re happy, I will be happy.

只要你高興,我就高興。

You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.

只要你保持書整潔,你就可以借我的書。

4. once 引導的條件狀語從句

once 引導的條件狀語從句,意為“一旦……就”,從句可置于主句前或后。如:

Once you begin, never stop.

一旦開始,就不要停止。

Maths is easy to learn once you understand the rules.

一旦你理解了規則,數學就不難學了。

注意:在條件狀語從句中,用一般現在時代替一般將來時,用一般過去時代替過去將來時。

If the weather is bad next week, we’ll put off the climbing.

如果下周天氣不好,我們將推遲爬山。

Father told me if I asked he would help me.

爸爸告訴我,如果我請求,他會給我幫助。

5. 引導條件狀語從句最常用的連詞是if

常見的if 條件狀語從句表示在某條件下,某事很可能發生。條件是可能存在的,主句中某種情況發生的概率也是很高的。如:

If you have finished the homework, you can go home.

如果你作業寫完了,你就可以回家了。

另外,if 從句還表示不可實現的條件或根本不可能存在的條件,也就是一種虛擬的條件或假設。從句多用一般過去時或過去完成時,表示對現在或過去的一種假設。如:

If I were you, I would invite him to the party.

如果我是你,我會邀請他參加聚會。

I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.

要不是交通擁堵,我會來得早一些。

6. if 條件句的時態搭配

(1)if 從句用一般現在時,主句用一般將來時。如:

If he runs, he’ll get there in time.

如果他跑步去,他會及時趕到那兒。

The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail.

如果你扯貓的尾巴,它就會撓你。

(2)if 從句用一般現在時,主句用may / might / can。如:

If the fog gets thicker, the plane may/might be diverted.

如果霧再大一些,飛機有可能改在別的機場降落。

If it stops snowing, we can go out.

如果雪停了,我們就可以出去。

(3)if 從句用一般現在時,主句用must / should。如:

If you want to lose weight, you must / should eat less cake.如果你想減肥,你必須少吃蛋糕。

(4)if 從句用一般現在時,主句用一般現在時。如:

If you heat ice, it turns to water.

如果把冰加熱,它就會化成水。

(5)if 從句用現在進行時,主句用一般將來時。如:

If you are looking for Peter, you’ll find him upstairs.

如果你找彼得,上樓就會找到他。

(6)if 從句用現在完成時,主句用一般將來時。如:

If you have finished dinner, I’ll ask the waiter for the bill.

如果你吃完了,我就叫服務生來結賬。

【知識拓展】

1. 在以when、before、as soon as 等引導的時間狀語從句中,也適用“主將從現”原則,即如果主句是一般將來時,從句則用一般現在時代替一般將來時,如:

I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back.

當她回來的時候,我將把這個好消息告訴她。

She will give you a call as soon as she returns.

她一回來就會給你電話。

2. If 條件句的同義句:祈使句,and /or+ 將來時態的陳述句

Work hard, and you will make great progress.

= If you work hard, you will make great progress.

如果你努力學習,你就會取得很大進步。

Hurry up, or you will be late.

=If you don’t hurry up, you will be late.

如果你不快點,你就要遲到了。

練習

1. You won’t get to the subway station before 9:00 am _______ you leave earlier.

A. unless B. until C. because D. when

2. If New Mart _______ 24 hours a day during the winter holiday, I will feel_______.

A. is open; excited B. is open; exciting C. will open; excited D. will open; exciting

3. I won’t be able to understand what you say, you speak too quickly.

A. if B. though C.because D. but

4. Lucy and I have been friends for years. _______ my memory is correct,we first met in a meeting.

A. If B. Because C. Though D. When

5. I think you should complain _______ you are happy with the situation.

A. unless B. however C. after D. though

6. I will have to close my clothes shop _______my business improves.

A. if B. unless C. after D. when

7. Chuck will go swimming with us tomorrow afternoon _______he can finish his homework by then.

A. so B. but C. if D. or

8._______ you have a picnic this weekend, remember to call me.

A. As B. For C. If D. Because

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