中國鐵路之父

李全忠

詹天佑開創了中國的鐵路從無到有的突破，京張鐵路就是中國人的第一條鐵路，就是詹天佑發明的，鐵路實現從無到有的突破也是讓中國人揚眉吐氣了一回，也說明中國人民從此站起來了。

體裁：記敘文文章詞數：325難度：★★★建議用時：6分鐘

Zhan?Tianyou?（1861—1919），?a?national?hero?for?his?role?in?building?China?s?railroad?system，?was?born?in?1861?in?southern?China?s?Guangdong?Province?and?died?in?1919.?As?the?chief?designer?of?the?first?railway?project?built?by?Chinese?engineers，?he?was?widely?regarded?as?the?father?of?China?s?railroad.

He?was?intelligent?and?interested?in?machinery?when?he?was?a?child.?At?the?age?of?12，?Zhan?went?to?US?to?study.?In?1878，?he?was?admitted?to?Yale?University?majoring?in?civil?and?railway?engineering.?As?one?of?the?earliest?Chinese?students?studying?abroad，?he?was?the?first?Chinese?that?became?a?member?of?the?American?Engineers??Association.

After?graduating?from?Yale?University?in?1881，?he?returned?to?China.?When?construction?of?the?first?railway?project—BeijingZhangjiakou?Railway?began?in?1905，?Zhan?Tianyou?was?appointed?as?the?chief?engineer.?He?succeeded?in?building?the?zigzag?upwards?railway?after?overcoming?the?gradient?problem?by?switching?back?the?line.?Moreover，?he?initially?used?two?locomotives?instead?of?one—one?pulling，?and?another?pushing?the?train?over?the?area.?The?railway?was?completed?in?1909，?two?years?ahead?of?schedule.?It?added?a?brilliant?page?in?the?history?of?Chinese?railway?construction.

After?the?BeijingZhangjiakou?railway?was?open?to?traffic，?he?led?a?team?to?extend?the?railroad?to?the?west?of?Zhangjiakou.?Later，?he?acted?as?chief?designer?in?the?construction?of?several?other?railways?in?China.

After?the?1911?revolution，?Zhan?Tianyou?was?appointed?chief?engineer?of?the?YueHan?Railway?Corporation?and?built?railways?from?Guangzhou?to?Shaoguan?and?from?Wuchang?to?Changsha.?In?1913，?he?became?a?high?official?in?the?Ministry?of?Communications?in?the?Republic?of?China?and?played?an?important?role?in?setting?up?the?national?railway?technical?standard.?In?the?same?year，?the?China?Engineer?Association?was?founded?and?Zhan?Tianyou?was?elected?chairman.?In?1916，?he?was?awarded?the?doctor?s?degree?of?law?by?Hong?Kong?University.

Reading?Check

Detail?1.?When?was?Zhan?widely?regarded?as?the?father?of?China?s?railroad？

A.?In?1878.

B.?In?1881.

C.?In?1905.

D.?1911.

Gist2.?What?is?mainly?stressed?in?paragraph?3？

A.?The?railway?was?completed?in?time.

B.?Zhan?s?contribution?on?Chinese?railway.

C.?The?railway?was?the?best?successful?railway.

D.?Zhan?s?success?when?building?the?railway.

Gist3.?What?can?we?know?according?to?the?last?paragraph？

A.?Zhan?plays?an?important?role?in?Chinese?Railway?construction.

B.?Zhan?founded?the?China?Engineer?Association?by?himself.

C.?Zhan?became?a?high?official?in?the?government?in?1913.

D.?Zhan?was?awarded?the?doctor?s?degree?of?doctor?in?1916.

Inference4.?What?s?the?author?s?purpose?of?writing?this?text？

A.?To?explain?the?first?Chinese?railway.

B.?To?show?the?development?of?a?country.

C.?To?recommend?a?new?type?of?railway?construction.

D.?To?introduce?a?pioneer?who?built?Chinese?railway.