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不同種類雪蓮愈傷組織細胞外囊泡的抗氧化和美白活性比較

2024-01-31 15:11王夜宇張振興張旭輝高琦
醫學美學美容 2024年1期
關鍵詞:柱層析雪蓮

王夜宇 張振興 張旭輝 高琦

[摘 要]目的 探究天山雪蓮紫色愈傷組織細胞外囊泡(PXLEVs)和天山雪蓮白色愈傷組織細胞外囊泡(WXLEVs)的分離方法及抗氧化和美白活性差異。方法 采用切向流過濾和柱層析相結合的方法從愈傷組織培養上清液中分離純化PXLEVs和WXLEVs,透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)和納米顆粒跟蹤分析(NTA)表征其形貌、粒徑和濃度,通過體外DPPH自由基清除實驗和細胞內ROS抑制實驗研究其抗氧化功效,通過酪氨酸酶活性及細胞黑色素生成抑制實驗研究其美白功效。結果 PXLEVs和WXLEVs均呈茶托狀結構,PXLEVs的粒徑為(152.10±61.30)nm,WXLEVs的粒徑為(180.20±76.40)nm;PXLEVs的體外DPPH自由基清除率、細胞內ROS清除率均高于WXLEVs;PXLEVs的酪氨酸酶活性和細胞黑色素含量均低于WXLEVs。結論 與WXLEVs相比PXLEVs具有更好的抗氧化和美白活性,為細胞培養物的選擇和天然活性護膚原料的開發提供了理論依據。

[關鍵詞] 雪蓮;細胞外囊泡;切向流;柱層析

[中圖分類號] Q945 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1004-4949(2024)01-0041-06

Comparison of Antioxidant and Whitening Activities of Extracellular Vesicles from Different Kinds of Snow Lotus Callus Culture Supernatant

WANG Ye-yu, ZHANG Zhen-xing, ZHANG Xu-hui, GAO Qi

(Beijing Youngen Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100000, China)

[Abstract]Objective To explore the separation methods of extracellular vesicles from purple callus of snow lotus (PXLEVs) and extracellular vesicles from white callus of snow lotus (WXLEVs) and the differences in antioxidant and whitening activities. Methods PXLEVs and WXLEVs were isolated and purified from callus culture supernatant by tangential flow filtration and column chromatography. The morphology, particle size and concentration were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). In vitro DPPH free radical scavenging experiment and intracellular ROS inhibition experiment were used to study its antioxidant effect. Tyrosinase activity and cell melanin generation inhibition experiments were used to study its whitening effect. Results Both PXLEVs and WXLEVs showed a saucer-like structure. The particle size of PXLEVs was (152.10±61.30) nm, and the particle size of WXLEVs was (180.20±76.40) nm. The DPPH free radical scavenging rate and intracellular ROS scavenging rate of PXLEVs were higher than those of WXLEVs. The tyrosinase activity and cell melanin content of PXLEVs were lower than those of WXLEVs. Conclusion Compared with WXLEVs, PXLEVs have better antioxidant and whitening activities, which provides a theoretical basis for the selection of cell culture and the development of natural active skin care materials.

[Key words] Snow lotus; Extracellular vesicles; Tangential flow filtration; Column chromatography

天山雪蓮是我國高山地區常用的一類名貴藥用植物,具有很好的抗氧化、抗炎鎮痛、活血化瘀和抗衰老等作用[1-3],已被列為我國國家二級保護野生植物[4]。通過植物細胞培養技術獲取含有大量生物活性物質的天山雪蓮細胞可以有效解決野生雪蓮資源問題[5,6]。近年來研究發現[7],植物細胞能夠分泌一種細胞外囊泡(EVs),直徑30~500 nm,其內選擇性包裹脂質、蛋白質、核酸和其他小分子成分[8],具有明確的減輕組織損傷程度、促進損傷組織形態學及功能學修復的作用[9,10]?,F有的植物細胞外囊泡提取技術存在很多弊端,不僅需要耗費大量的愈傷組織或,還需要將植株絞碎,對濾渣進行充分的過濾,操作繁瑣費時[11-13]。采用磷酸鹽緩沖液在長時間的提取過程中也會因滲透壓差異導致EVs結構破裂失去功效[7]。本研究采用一種切向流過濾和柱層析相結合的方法從天山雪蓮愈傷組織培養上清液中分離出了天山雪蓮紫色愈傷組織細胞外囊泡(PXLEVs)和天山雪蓮白色愈傷組織細胞外囊泡(WXLEVs),并對其抗氧化和美白活性進行了研究比較,現報道如下。

1.1 試驗材料 人類永生化表皮細胞(HaCaT)和小鼠黑色素瘤細胞(B16)購自ATCC細胞庫;RPMI-1640培養基,青鏈霉素混合液和10%胎牛血清(FBS)購自北京中生奧邦生物科技有限公司;達爾伯克氏改良伊格爾培養基(Dulbecco ’ s Modified Eagle ’ s Medium,DMEM)購自美國Gibco公司;總酮定量檢測試劑盒、總酚定量檢測試劑盒、CCK8試劑、DPPH試劑、酪氨酸酶活性檢測試劑盒均購自北京索萊寶科技有限公司;BCA蛋白定量試劑盒和總活性氧簇(ROS)檢測試劑盒購自賽默飛世爾科技公司。

1.2 方法

1.2.1雪蓮細胞外囊泡的分離及鑒定 采用切向流過濾和柱層析相結合的方法分離純化PXLEVs和WXLEVs。收集2 L天山雪蓮愈傷組織的培養液進行梯度離心,4 ℃下300 g/min離心10 min收集上清液;然后將上清液于4 ℃下2000 g/min離心20 min,再次收集上清液;再將上清液4℃下10 000 g/min離心30 min,用0.45 μm的濾膜過濾最后的上清液并收集濾液。使用截流分子量為500 kD的中空纖維將濾液濃縮到50 ml,用500 ml的PBS進行換液,得到溶劑為PBS的濃縮液50 ml;最后將得到的濃縮液通過SEC純化柱純化得到天山雪蓮愈傷組織細胞外囊泡,-80 ℃凍存備用。利用透射電子顯微鏡FEI Tecnai F20觀察EVs的形態;采用粒徑分析儀Particle Metrix PMX-120檢測EVs的粒徑和濃度信息;使用SEC色譜柱驗證所提 EVs的分散性和均一性。采用BCA蛋白定量試劑盒測定了所提EVs的蛋白含量。采用總酮定量檢測試劑盒和總酚定量檢測試劑盒檢測所提EVs的總酮和總酚含量。

植物細胞外囊泡參與植物免疫系統調節、植物防御反應、植物-微生物共生,并通過穿梭 RNA、蛋白質和生物活性化合物來介導細胞間通訊和跨界通訊[14,15],在抗炎、抗腫瘤、哺乳動物微生物群調節和藥物輸送方面具有巨大的治療潛力[10]。研究發現[16],植物細胞外囊泡具有促進皮膚再生的功效,故其在化妝品領域的應用研究逐漸增多[17]。來自馬尾藻和羊棲菜的EVs已被證明可下調人黑色素瘤細胞系(MNT-1)中黑素生成相關蛋白TYR、TYRP-1和MITF[18]。另一項研究表明[19],松柏葉和莖中提取的EVs通過降低黑色素水平在小鼠黑色素瘤細胞系(B16BL6)中發揮美白作用。最近的一項研究發現[20],從蘆薈果皮中分離出細胞外囊泡(A-EVs)可通過激活抗氧化防御機制,促進傷口愈合,使得皮膚再生??梢?,植物細胞外囊泡具有適合化妝品應用的細胞相容性、抗氧化、美白和促進愈合的特性,但天山雪蓮細胞外囊泡的提取及其護膚功效的研究并沒有相關報道。

綜上所述,本項研究使用切向流過濾和柱層析相結合的方法從天山雪蓮愈傷組織培養上清液中分離EVs,為植物細胞外囊泡的提取提供了新思路。對提取的PXLEVs和WXLEVs的抗氧化和美白活性進行了研究比較,發現PXLEVs能夠更好的促進DPPH自由基的清除,抑制ROS的產生,同時對酪氨酸酶活性及細胞黑色素生成有具有更為明顯的抑制作用,展示出了良好的抗氧化和美白效果。本研究為細胞定向培養和天然活性化妝品原料的開發提供了理論依據,但關于其作用機制的研究還不夠詳細全面,后續會進一步探究PXLEVs更具體清晰的抗氧化和美白機制。

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收稿日期:2023-11-6 編輯:劉雯

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