跟著名著學續寫之生命的價值

謝秀娟

生命的價值與意義是每個人都必須面對的命題。每個人對生命的意義都有自己的獨特見解。本次讀后續寫之生命價值類專題將以《織工馬南傳》里面的主角織工西拉斯·馬南的生活為例，分為三部分：織工馬南過去在家鄉的生活，織工馬南在鄉村收養愛比前離群索居的生活，以及織工馬南在鄉村收養愛比后充實快樂的生活。本專題將由此探究生命的價值與意義。

主題微語境

《織工馬南傳》的作者是英國作家喬治·艾略特。小說敘述了老實善良的織布工人西拉斯·馬南命途多舛，在歷經種種挫折后重拾信仰，找到人生價值和意義的故事。

一、織工馬南過去在家鄉的生活

被誣陷前

1. Because he was one of a large number of weavers， he was not considered strangeand he belonged to an enthusiastic religious group. They met every Sunday at the chapelin Light Street. 作為眾多織工中的一個，他很平常，而且他屬于一個活躍的宗教組織。教友們每個禮拜日都在日光街的小教堂集會。

2. Once， at a chapel meeting， Silas had become unconscious and had sat withoutmoving， hearing or seeing， for over an hour. 曾經，在一次教堂集會中，西拉斯突然失去了知覺，坐在那里一動不動，聽不到也看不到，長達一個多小時。

3. Silas best friend at chapel was William Dane， a serious young man who was，some people thought， a little too sure of his own goodness and cleverness. 西拉斯在教會最要好的朋友是威廉·戴恩，一個嚴肅的年輕人，有的人認為他對自己的聰明和善良未免太有把握。

4. One night， Silas was sitting alone at the old mans bedside. Time seemed to passslowly in the quiet， dark room. 一天晚上，西拉斯獨自陪坐在老人的床邊。在黑暗而安靜的屋子里，時間似乎過得很慢。

被誣陷后

1.“ But why？” asked Silas， looking unhappily at them.“ 但是為什么？”西拉斯問道，不太高興地看著他們。

2. Then， in the chapel， Silas stood alone， in front of all the people who were once hisfriends. The room was silent. There was a pocket knife in the ministers hand. 然后，在教堂里，西拉斯獨自站在他以前的朋友們面前。屋里很靜。牧師的手里拿著一把小刀。

3. Silas was trembling at this strange question.“ I dont remember，” he answered. 西拉斯被這個奇怪的問題嚇得發抖?！?我不記得了?！彼卮?。

4. Silas turned to the man he had always trusted.“ William， in the nine years sinceweve been friends， have I ever told you a lie？ But God will prove the truth.” As he lookedat William， he suddenly remembered something， and reddened. He said in a tremblingvoice，“ The knife wasnt in my pocket last night！” 西拉斯轉向這個他曾經信賴的朋友?！巴?，在我們做朋友的9年里，我有沒有對你說過一句謊？上帝會證明真相?！笨粗?，西拉斯突然想起來了什么，臉紅起來。西拉斯顫抖地說：“刀子昨晚不在我的兜里！”

5. Silas listened in horror. At last he walked over to William Dane and said firmly，“I lent you my knife， you know that. You stole the money， while I was having a fit， andyouve blamed me for it. But perhaps youll never be punishes， since there is no God whotakes care of the good and punishes the bad， only God of lies.” 西拉斯驚恐地聽著。最后他走到威廉·戴恩的面前堅定地說：“我把刀子借給你了，你知道的。你趁我發病的時候偷了錢，并以此歸罪于我。不過你可能永遠也不會受到懲罰，因為根本沒有一個保護善良、懲治邪惡的上帝，只有一個說謊的上帝?！?/p>

6. Silas went home. The next day he sat alone for the whole day， too miserable to doanything. 西拉斯回到家里。第二天，他獨自在屋里待了一整天，痛苦得不能做任何事。

二、織工馬南在鄉村收養愛比前離群索居的生活

1. At Raveloe， Silas shut himself away in his cottage. He did not want to thinkabout the disaster he had experienced. He could not understand why God had refused tohelp him. But now that his trust in God and his friends had been broken， he did not feelstrong enough to build up that trust again， in a new church and with new friends. Fromnow on， he would live in a dark， loveless， hopeless world. All that was left to him was hisweaving， and he sat at his loom seven days a week， working all the daylight hours. Inthe town he had earned less， and had given much of his money to the chapel， for the old，the poor， and the sick. But now he began to earn more than ever before， and there was noreason for him to give any of it. He was often paid for his linen in gold. He discovered thathe liked holding the shining coins in his hand and looking at their bright faces. 在瑞福洛，西拉斯把自己關在小屋里。他不愿意再去想那些他經歷過的苦難。他不明白為什么上帝拒絕幫助他。但既然他對上帝和朋友的信任都已經崩潰了，他已沒有足夠的信心再到新的教堂去和新的朋友一起重建信任。從此，他要開始生活在一個黑暗的、沒有愛也沒有希望的世界里。西拉斯剩下的只有織布，并且他一周七天都坐在織布機前面從早到晚地工作。在城里他掙得不多，而且他把大部分錢捐給了教會去幫助老人、窮人和病人。但現在他開始掙得比以前多，而且對他而言也沒有理由再把錢給出去了。他經常收到金幣，作為賣出亞麻布的報酬，他發現自己喜歡把閃閃發光的金幣拿在手里，看著它們閃亮的表面。

2. But little by little， the piles of gold coins in his cottage grew higher. The harder heworked， the less he spent on himself. He counted the coins into piles of ten， and wanted tosee them grow into a square， and then into a larger square. He was delighted with everynew coin， but it made him want another. His gold became a habit， a delight， a reason forliving， almost a religion. He began to think the coins were his friends， who made the cottageless lonely for him. But it was only at night， when he had finished his work， that he spenttime with them. He kept them in two bags， under the floor boards near the loom. Like athirsty man who needs a drink， he took them out every evening to look at them， feelthem， and count them. The coins shone in the firelight， and Silas loved every one ofthem. When he looked at his loom， he thought fondly of the gold earned in the work he wasdoing， and he looked forward to the years ahead of him， the countless days of weaving andthe growing piles of gold. 但慢慢地，他小屋里的金幣越碼越高。他干活越賣力，為自己花的錢就越少。他把金幣每十個碼成一摞，想象著它們變成一片，再變成一大片。每一枚新的金幣都使他高興，但也使他更渴望得到下一枚金幣。他的金幣成了一種習慣，一種喜悅，一個活著的原因，甚至成了一個信仰。他開始認為金幣是他的朋友，它們使他在小屋里不再那么寂寞。但只有在晚上，當他結束了一整天的工作，他才有時間陪伴它們。他把它們放在織布機旁邊地板下的兩個袋子里。像口渴的人需要喝水一樣，他每天晚上都要把它們拿出來看一看，摸一摸，數一數。金幣在爐火的照耀下閃閃發光，西拉斯愛它們當中的每一個。每當看到織布機，西拉斯都喜悅地想到在工作中掙到的金幣，他憧憬著未來的歲月，憧憬著今后數不清的織布的日子和越堆越高的金幣。

3. Silas himself still had his loom and his work， so he went on weaving. But the onlything that made his life worth living had gone， and now he had nothing to look forwardto. A lifetime of empty evenings lay ahead of him. He did not enjoy thinking of the moneyhe would earn， because it reminded him of the money he had lost. As he sat weaving， hesometimes used to moan quietly to himself. And in the evening， as he sat alone in frontof the fire， he used to put his head in his hands and moan again. 西拉斯還有他的織布機和他的工作，所以他繼續織布?？墒巧钪形ㄒ挥袃r值的東西消失了，現在他不再有什么可期望的了。今后的一生他將只有空虛的夜晚。他不再喜歡去想他將要掙到的錢，因為那會使他想起他丟失的錢。當他坐著干活的時候，他有時會默默地獨自呻吟。晚上，當他一個人坐在爐火前時，他也常常用手抱著頭痛苦地呻吟。

4. In the evening， snow began to fall， and he felt more distant and separate fromhis neighbors than ever. He sat in his robbed home， moaning miserably to himself， not no?ticing that his fire was no longer burning and that he was getting cold. 晚上，開始下雪了，他覺得自己與鄰居們的距離和隔閡比以往任何時候都要大。他坐在被小偷光顧過的家里，獨自痛苦地呻吟著，沒注意到火爐里的火已經熄滅，自己也越來越冷。

三、織工馬南在鄉村收養愛比后充實快樂的生活

1. And so Silas learnt how to take care of the little girl. He called her Eppie， whichhad been his little sister's name. His life was quite different now. When he was working andliving only for his gold， he had not been interested in the world outside his cottage， or thepeople he sometimes met. But now that he had another reason for living， he had to look out?ward. He spent hours in the fields with Eppie， happily rediscovering the plants he used?to know so well. Together they visited their neighbors， who were always delighted to seehim and his adopted child. His days and evenings were full， taking care of the trusting，loving child. 于是西拉斯學會了照顧這個小女孩。他管她叫愛比，這是他妹妹的名字。他的生活全變了。當他為金子而工作、生活的時候，他對屋外的世界，對那些偶然見到的人都毫無興趣。但現在他有了另一個活著的理由，他不得不開始看看外面的世界。他花幾個小時陪愛比在田地里玩，又愉快地重新發現了那些他曾經熟悉的植物。他們一起去串門，去看那些喜歡見到他和他的養女的鄰居們。照看這個信賴他、喜歡他的孩子使他的日日夜夜變得充實。

2. Silas started taking Eppie to church when she was very young， because Dolly Win?throp had persuaded him that every child should have some religious training. Because ofEppie， Silas was completely accepted in Raveloe now. Nobody thought he was strange anymore; in fact， he was almost a popular figure in the village. He was older now， and could notwork as hard as he used to. Recently， as he had more time to think， he had begun to re?member the past， and his old friends at the Light Street chapel. He realized how his oncelonely life had changed since Eppie had come to him. Now he had friends， and trustedpeople， and was happy. And he began to see that the God in the Raveloe church was thesame God he had been so angry with， the last time he had been to the chapel. It seemed tohim that there had been some mistakes in his past， which had thrown a dark shadow overhis early life. 因為多莉·溫思羅普勸西拉斯說每個孩子都應該接受一些宗教教育，所以西拉斯在愛比很小的時候就開始帶她去教堂。由于愛比，西拉斯現在完完全全被瑞福洛的人接受了。沒人再認為他奇怪，實際上，他幾乎成了瑞福洛村里一個很受歡迎的人。他現在年齡大了，不能像原來那樣拼命干活了。最近，因為有了更多的思考的時間，他開始回憶過去，回憶日光街小教堂的老朋友們。他意識到，自從愛比來到他身邊后，他一度寂寞的生活，發生了多么大的變化。他現在有朋友，他信任別人而且幸福。他開始覺得瑞福洛教堂的這個上帝和最后一次去日光街小教堂時他曾氣惱過的那個上帝是同一個上帝。他認為自己可能過去做過什么錯事，給自己的前半生罩上了一層陰影。

3.“ You see that's all I ever did in the long evening before you came to me，” he wastelling Eppie.“ Just count my gold. I was only half alive in those days. What a good thingthe money was taken away from me！ I was killing myself with working all day， and counting? money half the night. It wasn't a healthy life. And when you came， with your yellow curls， Ithought you were the gold. And then， when I began to love you， I didn't want my gold anymore.” He stopped talking for a moment and looked at the money.“ The gold doesn't meananything to me now. But perhaps， if I ever lost you， Eppie， if you ever went away from me，Id need my gold again. I'd feel lonely then， and Id think God had forgotten me， and per?haps I'd go back to my bad old habits.”“ 你看，你來之前，每個漫長的夜晚，我都在做這些，”他對愛比說，“只是數我的金子。那時我半死不活。金子被偷走對我來說真是件好事！那時我在用整天工作、大半夜數錢的方法折磨自己。那是不健康的生活。你來的時候，因為你金黃色的頭發，我把你當成了金子。后來，當我開始愛你，我就不再想什么金子了?！彼Ａ艘粫?，看著錢?！?現在金子對我而言毫無意義了，可是一旦失去你，愛比，或者你離我而去，我會重新需要金子。那時我會感到孤獨，我會覺得自己被上帝遺忘了，可能我會回到以前的樣子?！?/p>

句式微練習

一、語言+說話動作+語言描寫

把語言分為兩部分，中間描寫說話時的動作和語氣，讓語言描寫更靈活，營造畫面的節奏感。

“You hear， my friends？” said William， smiling sadly.“ This is the voice of the devilspeaking.”“ 朋友們，聽到了吧？”威廉苦笑著說“，這就是魔鬼說話的聲音?！?/p>

即學即練

1.（ 2020年新高考Ⅰ卷）“I wish you could see him，”________________（她對她自己的孩子們John、 Harry和Clara說）.“ He is such a help to his mother. Hewants very much to earn some money， but I don't see what he can do.”

2. （2020年浙江卷1月）“What should we do to cheer Poppy up？”_________（爸爸問道）.“ Weve tried everything.”

二、“形容詞短語/非謂語短語+主語+謂語”或“主語+謂語+形容詞短語/非謂語短語”

形容詞短語或者非謂語短語在句中作狀語，既可表示人物做某個動作的原因、結果或者狀態，也可表示伴隨著某個動作而發生的動作，可放在句首或者句末，它往往語言精練，可以加強句子的感染力，使畫面更加生動和形象。

“Jem Rodney！” cried Silas， turning and staring at the man he suspected.“ 杰姆·羅德尼！”西拉斯喊道，轉身盯著這個他懷疑的人。

即學即練

1.（ 2020年浙江卷）Fortunately， we got in the helicopter，____________-（安然無恙的）.

2. （2020年新高考Ⅰ卷）After their mother left the room， the children sat，__________-（想著Bernard）.

三、強調句：It is/was+被強調部分+that+句子剩下部分

被強調部分可以是除了句子謂語以外的其他成分，如主語、賓語、狀語等，使用強調句可以突出被強調的部分，增強語氣。

But it was only at night， when he had finished his work， that he spent time with them.但只有在晚上，當他結束了一整天的工作，他才有時間陪伴它們。

即學即練

1.（ 2021年浙江卷）It was_____________（只有當我嘗試移開我的頭） that I realized getting out was going to be less straightforward than getting in.

2. （2018年浙江寧波5月模擬）__________________（但正是你的媽媽養育了你） since you were a baby.

四、無靈主語句式：無生命名詞+有靈動詞

用情感狀態、身體部位、行為動作、自然現象、時間、地點等無生命的事物作主語，能突出人物的心理、情感，從多種視角進行描寫，讓表達更加生動形象、栩栩如生。

A lifetime of empty evenings lay ahead of him. 今后的一生他將只有空虛的夜晚。

即學即練

1.（ 2021年新高考Ⅰ卷）The big day________（到了） at last.

2.（ 2020年浙江卷7月）Sometimes loud noises like these will________（嚇跑） bears off.

五、with 的復合結構：“with+名詞”或者“with+名詞+賓語補足語”

with的復合結構在句子中作狀語，一般表示伴隨狀態或者原因，可放在句首、句末或者句中，使語言更加簡練，使表達更生動。

Unlike the strong， healthy country people， they were small and thin， with tired whitefaces， bent backs and round shoulders. 和健壯的農村人不同，他們身材瘦小而且臉色蒼白，拱背曲肩。

即學即練

1.（ 2021年浙江卷）All of us were hard at work at the kitchen table，____________（媽媽錄下這個一年一度的事件）.

2.（ 2021年浙江卷）____________（南瓜放在桌子上）， hole upper?most， I bent over and pressed my head against the opening.

情境微仿寫

With time approaching， Marie got more and more anxious. 1. _________“（ 我應該怎么做呢？”她著急地在心里盤算著，“我應該悄悄到外面去?！保?She couldn'tstand on the bed to show the light. She remembered her promise to the French soldier. TheGerman enemies were asleep. Just then she had an idea. First， she stood up quietly，2._________（雙眼盯著德國士兵） in case they woke up. Suddenly， one of thesoldiers turned over. 3. _________（一陣恐懼襲來，她嚇得呆若木雞。） Noise?lessly she got out of the room and set fire to the cottage. In a moment the cottage wasburning. She ran off to the forest. In the morning， the French soldier came.“ You have donewell， Marie，” he said.“ You did not fail. The plane brought us what we need. Your parentsare safe. Come and join us.” 4._________（聽到這個好消息，瑪麗抑制不住內心的喜悅，笑容點亮了她的臉蛋。） 5. _________（正是她的勇敢和愛驅使她冒著生命危險拯救了她的家人和國家。）

語篇微演練

閱讀下列短文，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫文章，使之構成一個完整的故事。注意續寫詞數應為150左右。

主題1 火災救援

The event that stands out in Toms memory happened one morning when Tom was only?ten years old. He was at home with his elder sister Jane. Tom was doing his homeworkwhen he heard raised voices. At first he thought nothing of it since customers in the motor?cycle shop directly below their flat often became loud， but he soon realized this time it wasdifferent.

“Quick！ Quick！ Remove the motorcycles from the shop，” someone yelled.

Then a thick burning smell filled the air. When Tom opened the front door of their flatto investigate， a thick cloud of smoke greeted him. The motorcycle shop had caught fire andpeople were running and crying. Jane， who had been playing the violin in her room， hurriedto the living room. They rushed out of the door and along the corridor （走廊） through thesmoke. They were heading towards the stairway at the far end of the corridor when Jane sud?denly stopped. She turned around and headed back the way they came. Tom had no ideawhat she was doing， but he followed her. Jane had suddenly remembered the lady in her70s who lived next door to them， who they called Makcik. Jane began banging on Makciksdoor， but got no answer. As the smoke thickened around them， Tom could see many of theirneighbors—some still in their pyjamas （睡衣）—running for safety. The thought of fearcrossed his mind.“ She would have run for safety like everyone else！” Tom cried. However，Jane refused to give up.“ I know Makcik's still inside.” She said she was familiar withMakcik's daily routine and was certain she would still be sleeping. She pounded against thedoor“. Go downstairs. Go now！ Go！”

Paragraph 1：

Tom noticed the flame was reaching up.____________

Paragraph 2：

Luckily， some neighbors passing by stopped and offered help.______________

主題2 重拾信心和快樂

I was blind！ It was only for six weeks， but it seemed an end of the world.

During that time， I was in a Columbus hospital， very scared， very alone， and extremelyhomesick for my husband and five kids. I spent hours， even days， wondering if I would everbe able to see my children again. I had spent so much time feeling sorry for myself. Whenthe doctor announced I was getting a roommate， I was far from excited. Actually， I didn'twant anyone to“ see” me this way. Like it or not， within a short time， my roommate movedinto the bed on the other side of the room. Her name was Joni.

However， I started liking Joni several days later. She had such a positive attitude thatshe was always cheerful， and never complained about her own illness. She often said to mejokingly that I was lucky not to be able to see myself in the mirror during this time. When?ever I felt scared， Joni could always get me to laugh with her crazy jokes. Joe， my husband，came to visit me sometimes with five kids. But I had never seen anyone visit her.

One evening， Joe came alone. Joni must have sensed our need to be alone. She was soquiet that I wasn't sure whether she was in the room. During my husbands visit， Joe and Italked about the possibility that I might never see again. He promised me that nothingcould change his love for me， and we would continue to raise our family.

Paragraph 1：

After my husband left， I heard Joni stirring （翻身） in her bed.___________

Paragraph 2：

After talking with her， I awoke from a deep sleep that night.________________