“前衛”的意義與“自我”的限度

易文杰

摘??要：文學的身體與主體性緊密聯系。在1950年代后的中國臺灣地區，以“身體”來含蓄批判當局是臺灣現代主義文學的共性。臺灣的“超現實”詩風受域外的“超現實主義”文藝影響，更展開“前衛”的身體書寫：呈現被規訓與摧殘的軍事化身體、伊甸園般的本真身體和嬉皮士般的“頹廢”身體。其身體背后憂郁的情感結構，指向解放個體的維度。然而，在冷戰文化的影響下，過于沉浸于對自我潛意識與夢幻的書寫，造成主體與現實之間的二元對立，也讓“超現實”缺失階級解放、民族解放的總體性視野，存在未能超克現代“自我”的限度。這正是臺灣“超現實”詩風繼承中國大陸現代主義詩風時缺失的一環。

關鍵詞：“超現實”詩風；身體書寫；前衛；現代主義；超現實主義

中圖分類號：I207.25????文獻標識碼：A????文章編號：1006-0677（2024）1-0016-08

The?Meaning?of?the?Avant-garde?and?the?Limit?to?Self：?on?the?Body?Writing?in?the?Poetic?Style?of?Surrealism?in?Taiwan

Yi?Wenjie

Abstract：?The?literary?body?is?closely?related?to?subjectivity.?In?the?post-1950s?Taiwanese?region?of?China，?a?subtle?critique?of?the?authorities?by?way?of?body?is?a?commonality?of?modernism?in?Taiwan.?The?poetic?style?of?Taiwanese?surrealism，?influenced?by?surrealism?from?overseas，?engages?in?the?avant-garde?body?writing，?revealing?the?disciplined?and?destroyed?militarized?body，?the?authentic?body?of?Eden，?and?the?decadent?body?of?the?hippy，?the?sad?emotional?structure?behind?the?body?directed?towards?the?dimension?of?liberated?individuals.?However，?under?the?influence?of?Cold?War?culture，?writing?over-indulged?in?self-subconsciousness?and?dreaming?creates?a?binary?opposition?between?the?subject?and?the?reality，?causing?surrealism?to?miss?the?vision?of?class?and?national?liberation?as?a?whole，?unable?to?go?beyond?the?limit?to?the?self.?That?is?the?missing?link?of?surrealism?in?Taiwan?in?inheriting?the?poetic?style?of?modernism?in?mainland?China.

Keywords：?The?poetic?style?of?surrealism，?body?writing，?the?avant-garde，?modernism，?surrealism