魏萬梅
條件狀語從句
條件狀語從句通常由if, unless, as long as等詞來引導。
注意:在條件狀語從句中用一般現在時表示將來, 即遵循“主將從現”原則。如:
You wont pass the PE exam successfully unless you exercise every day.
除非你每天都鍛煉,否則你不會順利通過體育考試。
If you treat others with your heart, you will get friendship in return.
如果你用心對待別人,你會得到友誼作為回報。
比較狀語從句
比較狀語從句是兩個事物進行比較時由相關連接詞引出的從句,主要運用于形容詞和副詞原級、比較級的句子中。引導比較狀語從句的連接詞有as...as...,not as / so...as...,than;特殊引導詞有the more...the more...等。
as...as...,not so/as...as...與than引導的比較狀語從句,后面往往用省略句。如:
Tom is shorter than me, but he runs as fast as me.
湯姆比我矮,但是他跑步和我一樣快。
as...as...和not as / so...as...之間要用形容詞和副詞的原級。如:
Lucys homework is not so good as it was last week.露西的作業不如上周好。
比較狀語從句的動詞,如果與主句的謂語動詞一致,且為行為動詞時,常用do(does, did)代替,以免重復。如:
Tom knows much more about movies than I do. 湯姆對電影的了解比我要多些。
the more...the more...句型中,前面相當于從句,往往用一般現在時態,后面相當于主句,用一般將來時態。如:
The more you read, the better you will write. 你讀得越多,寫得就越好。
原因狀語從句
原因狀語從句通常由because, as, since等詞引導。用法如下:
because表示必然的因果關系,語氣最強,它引導的從句是說話的重心,多數情況下放在主句的后面,也可以放在前面。用why 提問時也必須用because 回答。
as引導原因狀語從句時,說明比較明顯的原因,語氣較弱,從句在前在后均可。
since表示對方已知曉的無須加以說明的原因或事實,since的語氣比because弱。全句的重心在主句上,從句可前可后。
目的狀語從句
so that,in order that,in case??梢砸龑康臓钫Z從句。如:
They got up early so that they could catch the early bus.
他們起得很早,以便趕上早班車。
Youd better put on more clothes in case you might catch cold.
你最好多穿一些衣服,以免(以防)著涼。
注意:目的狀語從句的謂語多由情態動詞 + 動詞構成。
讓步狀語從句
表示讓步的狀語從句可以由though (although),even if(even though),no matter,however,whatever等來引導。如:
Many people all over the world want to climb Mount Qomolongma each year, though it is very dangerous.每年,世界各地的許多人都想攀登珠穆朗瑪峰,盡管這很危險。
I cant believe you even if (even though) you tell the truth.
即使講真話,我也不會相信你。
注意:though (although) 引導的是一個讓步狀語從句,but連接的是有轉折之意的并列的分句。同一句中,不能既有although(though)又有but。如:
He is a child, but he knows a lot. = Although he is a child, he knows a lot.
他雖是個孩子,但知道的東西卻很多。
(作者單位:甘肅省白銀市靖遠縣北灣中學)