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工程合同譯評(24)中國示范文本中的“變更”條款(中)

2020-02-16 10:59/
建筑 2020年23期
關鍵詞:變更標價發包人

文 / 李 健

我們在上一篇中已經對中國《建設工程施工合同(示范文本)》(GF-2017-0201)中“10變更”(10 Variations)條款中的10.1變更的范圍(10.1 Scope of Variation)、10.2變更權(10.2 Right to Vary)進行了譯評。本篇繼續往下討論。

原文1:10.3 變更程序

10.3.1 發包人提出變更

發包人提出變更的,應通過監理人向承包人發出變更指示,變更指示應說明計劃變更的工程范圍和變更的內容。

10.3.2 監理人提出變更建議

監理人提出變更建議的,需要向發包人以書面形式提出變更計劃,說明計劃變更工程范圍和變更的內容、理由,以及實施該變更對合同價格和工期的影響。發包人同意變更的,由監理人向承包人發出變更指示。發包人不同意變更的,監理人無權擅自發出變更指示。

10.3.3 變更執行

承包人收到監理人下達的變更指示后,認為不能執行,應立即提出不能執行該變更指示的理由。承包人認為可以執行變更的,應當書面說明實施該變更指示對合同價格和工期的影響,且合同當事人應當按照第10.4款〔變更估價〕約定確定變更估價。

試譯:10.3 Variation Procedure

10.3.1 Variation Initiated by the Employer

When the Employer initiates a variation, he must instruct the variation to the Contractor via the Project Management Unit.The variation instruction must specify the scope and items of the proposed variation.

10.3.2 Variation Proposal Initiated by the Project Management Unit

When the Project Management Unit initiates a variation proposal, it must submit the variation proposal to the Employer in writing.The variation proposal must specify the scope and items of,and reasons for the proposed variation, and effect on the Contract Price and the Time for Completion when the variation is executed.When the Employer consents to the variation proposal, the Project Management Unit instruct the variation to the Contractor.When the Employer doesn’t consent, the Project Management Unit may not instruct the variation to the Contractor.

10.3.3 Execution of Variation

After receiving a variation instruction issued by Project Management Unit, the Contractor must as soon as practicable give reasons why he cannot execute the variation if he believes he cannot.If he believes he can execute the variation, he must make a description stating effect on the Contract Price and the Time for Completion when the variation is executed.The Parties must evaluate the variation in accordance with Sub-Clause 10.4[Evaluation of Variation].

點評:1.本款主要是回答“怎樣的指示或建議才能構成變更?”這個問題的,對發包人提出變更、監理人提出變更建議、承包人執行變更等提出了規范要求。翻譯時可以部分地參照FIDIC1999施工合同文本13.3 Variation Procedure相應內容。

2.本款繼續貫徹了10.2變更權(10.2 Right to Vary)中確立的變更權屬于發包人和監理人的原則,并將權利內容的不同和相互制約關系更明顯地體現在程序之中了;同時還明確了承包人在變更執行中的權利和義務。因設計變更引發的變更,根據合同相對性原理,也應視為發包人發起的變更。

3.這里對承包人收到監理人下達的變更指示后如何處理作出特別提示。如果承包人認為不能執行變更指示,那么他應當“立即”提出不能執行變更指示的理由。這里中文“立即”,在翻譯中采納了FIDIC1999建造合同文本的措辭“as soon as practicable”(字面意思是,“在實際可能的情況下,盡快”)?!傲⒓础碧岢霾荒軋绦械睦碛?,原則上應當附上有關圖紙、文件、技術標準等作為依據,并及時反饋給監理人和發包人。如果承包人認為可以執行變更的,是否需要“立即”執行,本條款本身沒有明確。10.2變更權(10.2 Right to Vary)中也只是提出,承包人收到經發包人簽認的變更指示后,方可實施變更。Only after receiving a variation instruction signed by the Employer, may the Contractor execute thevariation.未具體指出必須實施的時間。實踐中常見的情形是,在確定變更工程量與變更估價之前,承包人不執行變更。從10.3.3款內容看,該款也確認了這個實踐,即完成變更估價后實施變更,具體時間將由10.4變更估價(10.3.3 Evaluation of Variation)確定。特別提醒,這個規定與FIDIC1999建造合同文本不同。FIDIC1999建造合同文本13.3 Variation Procedure約定,……The Engineer shall, as soon as practicable after receiving such proposal (under Sub-Clause 13.2 [Value Engineering]or otherwise), respond with approval, disapproval or comments.The Contractor shall not delay any work whilst awaiting a response.……工程師收到此類建議(依據第13.2款[價值工程]或其它規定)后,應當盡快給予批準、不批準或提出意見的回復。在等待回復期間,承包人不得延誤任何工作。這里“承包人不得延誤任何工作”,應當理解為包括執行變更指示。

原文2:10.4 變更估價

10.4.1 變更估價原則

除專用合同條款另有約定外,變更估價按照本款約定處理:

(1)已標價工程量清單或預算書有相同項目的,按照相同項目單價認定;

(2)已標價工程量清單或預算書中無相同項目,但有類似項目的,參照類似項目的單價認定;

(3)變更導致實際完成的變更工程量與已標價工程量清單或預算書中列明的該項目工程量的變化幅度超過15%的,或已標價工程量清單或預算書中無相同項目及類似項目單價的,按照合理的成本與利潤構成的原則,由合同當事人按照第4.4款〔商定或確定〕確定變更工作的單價。

10.4.2 變更估價程序

承包人應在收到變更指示后14天內,向監理人提交變更估價申請。監理人應在收到承包人提交的變更估價申請后7天內審查完畢并報送發包人,監理人對變更估價申請有異議,通知承包人修改后重新提交。發包人應在承包人提交變更估價申請后14天內審批完畢。發包人逾期未完成審批或未提出異議的,視為認可承包人提交的變更估價申請。

因變更引起的價格調整應計入最近一期的進度款中支付。

試譯:10.4 Evaluation of Variation

10.4.1 Principles for Evaluation of Variation

Except as otherwise stated in the Particular Conditions,Evaluation of Variation must be dealt with in accordance with this sub-clause:

(a) Where there is the same item in the priced Bill of Quantities or in the budget statement as the item in a variation, the unit price for such item will be applied in the evaluation of such item.

(b) Where there is no the same item in the priced Bill of Quantities or in the budget statement as the item in a variation, but there is a similar item, the unit price for the similar item will be applied in the evaluation of such item.

(c) Where the completed quantity of an item in a variation is more than 15% of the quantity of such item in the priced Bill of Quantities or in the budget statement, or where neither is there the same item in the priced Bill of Quantities or in the budget statement as the item in a variation, nor is there a similar item, the Parties must, under the principle of reasonable Cost plus reasonable profit, determine the applicable unit price in accordance with Sub-Clause4.4[Agreement or Determination].

10.4.2 Procedure for Evaluation of Variation

After receiving the Variation Instruction, the Contractor must submit to the Project Management Unit an application for Evaluation of Variation within 14 days.The Project Management Unit must complete the examination of the application and report it to the Employer within 7 days after receiving the application.If the Project Management Unit disagrees upon the application, it must notify the Contractor that he should modify the application and resubmit it.The Employer must complete the examination of the application within 14 days after the Contractor’s submission of the application.If the Employer fails to complete the examination of the application or express his disagreement within the time limit, the application for Evaluation of Variation will be deemed as approved by the Employer.

The price adjustments arising from a variation must be included in the latest progress payment.

點評:1.本款主要是回答“工程變更如何估價?”這個問題的,一是如何確定以何種單價來估價,二是按照什么程序或在多長時間內完成估價。翻譯時可以部分地參照FIDIC1999施工合同文本13.3 Variation Procedure相應內容和12.3 Evaluation(12.3估價)。

2.前面已經提及,實踐中常見的情形是,在確定變更工程量與變更估價之前,承包人不執行變更。但是承包人不執行變更并非沒有時間限制?!?0.4.2 變更估價程序(10.4.2 Procedure for Evaluation of Variation)”條款強調,承包人應在收到變更指示后14天內,向監理人提交變更估價申請;監理人應在收到承包人提交的變更估價申請后7天內審查完畢并報送發包人,監理人對變更估價申請有異議,通知承包人修改后重新提交;發包人應在承包人提交變更估價申請后14天內審批完畢;發包人逾期未完成審批或未提出異議的,視為認可承包人提交的變更估價申請。我們注意到,無論承包人、監理人、發包人,一旦啟動變更程序,每一方履行義務都有時間限制。因此,從變更指示發出之日起,最長經歷14天,發包人審查完畢,或者發包人逾期未完成審批或未提出異議的,視為認可承包人提交的變更估價申請。之后,承包人便必須“立即”執行變更指示了。

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