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PLANET EARTH Ⅲ(Part Two)地球脈動第三季(下)

2024-03-25 11:52萬宇婧
瘋狂英語·初中版 2024年2期
關鍵詞:波羅蜜雨林中雜色

萬宇婧

這是一部非常經典的紀錄片,上期我們了解了三種熱帶動物,本期我們將走近另外三種動物,了解它們在雨林和濕地中生存的故事。

劇情概要

《地球脈動第三季》呈現了地球上的壯麗美景和奇特地貌,以絕美的畫面展示了大自然的宏偉景象,從微妙細膩的小生物到壯麗的自然奇觀。這部紀錄片記錄了無數生物在各自的棲息地中生活,適應著嚴酷的自然環境,頑強地追逐著新的一天到來的故事。全片以充滿美感和溫暖的基調呈現,讓人感受到對大自然的敬畏和歌頌。

Scene A

一頭年邁的雌性白靈熊,捕魚卻是靈敏得很。白靈熊捕食鮭魚,吃剩下的鮭魚成了雨林中沃土的養分,促進了雨林中樹木的生長。如此循環,白靈熊在這樣一個健康的家園里養老,想必也是愜意的。

Forests, at first sight,m a y s e e m q u i e t a n dtranquil. But today we canexplore them in new ways,and from a new perspective.And in fact, they are full ofunexpected connections, relationshipsand even secret messages. Only noware we discovering how strange and?complex forests actually are.

The 1)temperate rain forests of westernCanada. Some of the trees here are athousand years old. And the beginning of a2)spectacle that each year transforms thisforests and all that lives in it. After yearsat sea, thousands of Pacific salmon arereturning to these 3)streams to breed.And they attract the forests rarest4)resident.

A spirit bear, a white variantof the black bear. Fewer thanone hundred and fifty 5)exist, andthey are found only here. This female hasfished for salmon here for twenty years.Get your timing right, and there can begreat 6)rewards. In her youth she was, infact, even more successful than the blackbears. Perhaps her pale coat makes itdifficult for the fish to see her againstthe bright sky. And that could give her?an advantage. But now she isold, and this year she is finding ithard. Her fishing skills, however,havent totally 7)deserted her.This 8)annual feast helps her tofatten, ready for the winter ahead.

But it also helps the patch offorest where she lives. This femalehas an unusual relationship withthe forest. Every fish 9)carcassshe leaves behind decays,releasing 10)nutrients that soakinto the soil. And there, they arecollected by a network of fungi.The threads attach themselves tothe trees roots, and nutrients fromthe fish collected by the fungi arethen passed on to the trees. As aconsequence the forest aroundthe river grows three times fasterthan elsewhere. And some trees?here, become as tall as any in theworld, and provides spirit bearswith a healthy forest home.

1) temperate adj. 溫帶的;溫和的

2) spectacle n. 奇觀

3) stream n. 小溪;小河

4) resident n. 居民;住戶

5) exist v. 存在;生存

6) reward n. 獎勵;回報

7) desert v. 舍棄

8) annual adj. 一年一度的

9) carcass n. (尤指供食用的)畜體;殘骸

10) nutrient n. 養分;營養物

乍看之下,森林里一片安靜祥和的景象。但如今我們能夠以全新的方式展開探索,以新的視角加以審視。其實,森林中充滿了各種意想不到的連接和關系,乃至秘密信號。直到現在,我們才發現,森林實際上是多么奇妙而又復雜。

這里是加拿大西部的溫帶雨林。這里的一些樹木已有千年樹齡。每年一度的自然奇觀即將改變這片雨林以及生活在其中的動物。在海上生活多年之后,成千上萬的太平洋鮭魚將洄游到這些溪流的上游繁殖后代。它們引來了雨林中最罕見的居民。

白靈熊,它是黑熊的變種。白靈熊在世界上僅存不到150 頭,而且只生活在這里。這頭雌性白靈熊20 年來一直在這里捕食鮭魚。把握好時機,就能獲得豐厚的回報。它年輕的時候,捕魚的成功率比黑熊還高?;蛟S是因為,天氣晴好的時候,它的一身白毛讓鮭魚很難發現它的身影,因此讓它占據了優勢。但是現在,這頭白靈熊老了,今年尤為力不從心。不過,它的捕魚技能并沒有完全荒廢。一年一度的捕魚盛宴能讓它儲備脂肪,為即將到來的冬天做好準備。

同時這也有益于它生活的這片雨林。這頭雌熊與雨林形成了一種特殊的關系。它吃剩下的鮭魚最終會腐爛,釋放出營養物質,滲入土壤之中。在地面之下,真菌網絡會收集這些養分。這些菌絲會附著在樹根上,把從殘羹冷炙中積累的養分輸送給林中的樹木。因此,河流周圍的雨林生長速度要比其他地方快三倍。這里的樹木挺拔聳立,高度居世界之冠,并為白靈熊提供了一個健康的雨林家園。

Scene B

人類不斷地砍伐樹木,導致森林資源枯竭,失去家園的黑猩猩們被迫穿過馬路,前往人類的村莊。黑猩猩是人類的近親,卻無法與人類共存,這一切的始作俑者,究竟是誰?

Uganda, East Africa. This small group of chimpanzees have a11)detailed knowledge of the forest territory that they inherited from12)previous generations. They know the best places to shelter, toraise their young, and to feed.

This fruiting tree cannot, by itself, 13)sustain the chimps for long.The alpha male signals that it is time to move on. Where he goes,others will follow. He leads them, not to another fruiting tree, butinto a new world.

This road, only recently built, has cut through their territory. Thealpha male is cautious. His own mother was killed on this road. He?makes sure it is clear before crossing with theslower members of his family. If the group is toget what they need, they will have to go againsttheir natural instincts, and 14)approach humans.

But their new neighbors are friendly, andthey allow the chimps to collect 15)jackfruit—thelargest of all tree fruits. Jackfruit grow all yearround in peoples gardens. And they are morenutritious than the limited amount of wild foodthat chimps can now find in what remains oftheir forest.

But this is a new world, and a newrelationship. New 16)boundaries need to beestablished. Some of the chimps start to helpthemselves to peoples 17)crops. They haveoutstayed their welcome, and the alpha maledecides that its time to leave.

But these highly intelligent?animals, our closest living relatives,have managed, just about, to carveout a place for themselves, in thischanging world. Animals havemaintained a long-establishedrelationship with forests. But as wecontinue to break our connectionswith them, the question is for howmuch longer will they survive? Surelythe time has come to rebuild them.

11) detailed adj. 詳盡的

12) previous adj. 以前的;先前的

13) sustain v. 維持;承受

14) approach v. 靠近

15) jackfruit n. 波羅蜜

16) boundary n. 分界線;邊界

17) crop n. 莊稼

這里是東非的烏干達。這一小群黑猩猩對森林領地了如指掌,這是它們從上一代那里傳承下來的本領。它們知道哪里是最佳的庇護所、育兒所以及覓食地。

這棵果樹無法長期為黑猩猩們提供食物。雄性首領發出信號,表示是時候前往其他地方了。它走到哪里,其他同伴就跟隨到哪里。它們的目的地不是另一棵果樹,而是一個新的世界。

這條近期修建的公路,橫穿了它們的領地。雄性首領很謹慎,它的母親就是在這條公路上喪命的。它確認道路暢通無阻后,才帶著速度較慢的家族成員穿過。要想得到它們生存所必需的資源,它們必須違背自己的本能,并且接近人類。

但是它們的人類鄰居很友好。他們允許黑猩猩摘取波羅蜜——樹上結的果實中最大的一種。人類的種植園里,一年四季都有波羅蜜在生長。這些波羅蜜比現在森林里所能找到的有限食物更有營養。

而這是一個新的世界,雙方必須建立起新的關系。這也意味著需要劃分出新的界限。一些黑猩猩隨意糟蹋了人類種植的莊稼。它們不再受歡迎了。雄性首領決定,是時候離開了。

這些高智商的動物,與人類有著最親近的親緣關系,足以在這個不斷變化的世界中為自己爭取到一席之地。動物與森林之間的聯系源遠流長,但問題是,隨著我們不斷破壞人類與森林的聯系,這些森林還能夠存在多久?毫無疑問,重建森林迫在眉睫。

Scene C

在洪水泛濫的陸地上,有優秀的捕獵者,也有擅長游泳的“大長腿”們。這是雜色狼群與驢羚群之間的追逐戰。從陸地到深水,捕獵者最終能否成功?

Fresh water shapes the land and the creatures that livein it, in the most surprising ways. Whilst lily-trotters are welladapted to life in this flooded world. These residents of the18)delta are not. African painted dogs, normally, they areremarkably successful hunters. But this pack of five hasnteaten in days. Finding 19)prey isnt the problem. This 20)herd oflechwe is only a few hundred meters away. But between themis deep water. Its not safe to cross here. On dry land, the dogscan run at over forty miles an hour.

But when threatened, lechwe always 21)seek the safetyof water. With theirsplayed hooves andlong hind legs, they canpower their way throughthe water. The dogscant. The pack wontbe able to outswim thelechwe. But they do?have a 22)strategy. The dogs drivethe lechwe to where they havethe advantage, back towards dryland. Now the pack can regainlost ground. Success today, buttomorrow the pack will need tohunt again.

18) delta n. 三角洲

19) prey n. 獵物;捕獲物

20) herd n. 獸群

21) seek v. 尋找;尋求

22) strategy n. 策略;行動計劃

淡水以令人震撼的方式塑造了陸地以及所有的陸地生物。非洲水雉很好地適應了這片洪泛世界。但是一些三角洲的常住居民還沒有適應。雜色狼,又名非洲野犬,它們通常是非常成功的獵手。但是這五頭雜色狼已經好幾天沒有吃東西了。要發現獵物并不難,幾百米外的地方就有一群驢羚。但在它們之間有一條深水河,直接穿行過去不太安全。在干燥的陸地上,雜色狼的奔跑速度可以超過每小時40 英里(約64 千米)。

但是,驢羚在遇到危險時,會前往安全的近水區域。它們的蹄子可以張開,而且后腿很長,因此可以涉水行進。但雜色狼沒有這樣的本領,雜色狼游不過驢羚。但它們另有計策。雜色狼把驢羚驅趕到了有利于自己的地方,又回到了干燥的陸地繼續追擊。這群雜色狼現在可以扳回一局了。它們今天成功了,但明天還要繼續捕獵。

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