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有向拓撲結構下復雜網絡系統的同步驗證

2024-04-21 16:10王磊張書源葛思彤劉洋
關鍵詞:平方和網絡系統耦合

王磊 張書源 葛思彤 劉洋

摘 要:研究了具有非線性耦合的復雜網絡系統的同步驗證問題.基于一般的非二次型Lyapunov函數,建立了保守性更弱的有向拓撲結構下的非線性網絡系統的同步判據.對于多項式網絡系統,將可同步問題轉化為平方和優化問題,由此來高效地求解高階的多項式Lyapunov函數.求解平方和優化問題隸屬于凸優化框架,因此可以在多項式時間內自動地實現系統的同步驗證.最后,通過一個數值仿真實例驗證了理論結果的有效性,同時說明了所提出的方法可以使用一個較小的耦合強度下界來確保同步實現.

關鍵詞:多項式Lyapunov函數;同步驗證;復雜網絡系統;平方和優化

中圖分類號:O231.2文獻標志碼:A文章編號:1000-2367(2024)02-0027-06

在過去的幾十年里,復雜網絡系統作為一門跨學科研究在物理[1、控制科學2、社會科學3、經濟學4等領域引起了廣泛的關注.同步是自然界中常見的集體行為現象,在某種程度上揭示了動物群體聚集行為的本質,如蜂擁現象[5-6.因此,開展復雜網絡系統的同步研究工作具有重大的科學意義[7-12.

目前,現有研究工作中大都是在“手動”構造二次型Lyapunov函數的基礎上[13-17,致力于研究具有線性耦合的復雜網絡系統的同步問題.然而,在穩定性理論中,有相當多的穩定性系統不存在二次型Lyapunov函數,而存在更一般的 Lyapunov函數.基于這個事實,尋找一般的Lyapunov函數來證明非線性系統的同步是合理的.例如,基于一般的Lyapunov函數構造,學者們通過提出的Lyapunov V-穩定性方法研究了復雜動態網絡的全局同步問題[18-19.因此,通過“自動”生成一般的非二次型Lyapunov函數來實現具有非線性耦合的復雜網絡系統的同步驗證是十分必要的.

幸運的是,平方和(sum-of-squares,SOS)分解框架提供了一種弱保守的方式計算穩定性系統的多項式Lyapunov函數[20-25.PAPACHRISTODOULOU等[20提出了一種Lyapunov函數算法構造的思想,用以研究非線性系統的穩定性問題.隨后,進一步形成了基于SOS分解的系統分析教程[21.ZHANG等[22提出了一種迭代的SOS優化算法求解多項式矩陣不等式,實現了多項式網絡系統的穩定性驗證.近來,學者們[23-25利用SOS優化方法設計程序化算法搜索多項式Lyapunov函數,驗證了無向及有向拓撲下復雜網絡系統的同步判據.

在本文中,通過SOS優化框架下的多項式Lyapunov函數算法計算,將致力于研究具有非線性耦合的復雜網絡系統的同步驗證問題.首先,通過松弛經典的類Lipschitz條件,系統地構造一般的Lyapunov函數并建立保守性更弱的有向拓撲結構下非線性網絡系統的同步判據.然后,通過多元多項式的SOS分解技術,將非負性約束用SOS條件替代,通過求解SOS優化問題自動地尋找多項式Lyapunov函數,從而實現系統的同步驗證.最后,給出一個仿真實例來說明所提出方法的有效性.

1 問題描述

2 主要結果

3 數值仿真

4 結 論

通過構造一般的Lyapunov函數,本文研究了有向拓撲結構下非線性耦合網絡系統的同步問題.對于多項式網絡系統, 利用SOS優化方法自動地尋找弱保守的多項式Lyapunov函數,實現了系統同步驗證.最后, 給出了一個洛倫茲系統的仿真實例,驗證了理論結果的有效性.在今后的研究中, 將致力于推廣所提出的SOS優化方法,研究異構多項式和非多項式網絡系統的同步問題.

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Synchronization verification for complex networked systems with directed graph

Wang Lei, Zhang Shuyuan, Ge Sitong, Liu Yang

(School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China)

Abstract: In this article, we study the problem of synchronization verification for complex networked systems with nonlinear coupling. Based on general form of Lyapunov functions, a less conservative synchronization criterion is proposed for the nonlinear networked systems with directed graph. Then, the synchronization problem for polynomial networked systems can be transformed into a sum-of-squares optimization problem, which falls within the convex optimization framework, yielding polynomial Lyapunov functions efficiently to realize the automatic synchronization verification in polynomial time. Finally, the effectiveness of the theoretical results is demonstrated by a simulation example, where the synchronization of Lorenz system is achieved by using a smaller lower bound of coupling strength.

Keywords: polynomial Lyapunov functions; synchronization verification; complex networked systems; sum-of-squares optimization

[責任編校 陳留院 趙曉華]

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