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慢性冠脈綜合征患者血尿酸及鈣化積分對CT-FFR的影響

2024-04-30 05:12徐彧杜豐夷袁小佳趙天佐陳正光
中國中西醫結合影像學雜志 2024年2期
關鍵詞:冠狀動脈心肌缺血血尿酸

徐彧 杜豐夷 袁小佳 趙天佐 陳正光

[摘要] 目的:探討血尿酸及鈣化積分對深度學習算法下冠脈綜合征(CCS)患者血流儲備分數(CT-FFR)的影響。方法:回顧性分析150例冠狀動脈(冠脈)CTA(CCTA)示靶血管狹窄的慢性CCS患者,采用深度學習法計算其CT-FFR,取3支靶血管中最低值作為該患者CT-FFR,按CT-FFR>0.8及CT-FFR≤0.8分為正常組77例、異常組73例,比較2組血尿酸值及總鈣化積分;采用SPSS 26.0統計軟件對CT-FFR、血尿酸、鈣化積分行Pearson分析;使用logistic回歸分析且通過ROC曲線評估其診斷效能。結果:2組在鈣化積分上差異有統計學意義(Z=-5.958,P<0.05),而血尿酸差異無統計學意義(t=-0.448,P>0.05);Pearson相關分析得出,鈣化積分與CT-FFR呈顯著負相關(r=-0.556,P<0.05);ROC曲線的AUC為0.782,且達到病變程度(CT-FFR≤0.8)的鈣化積分閾值為313.05分,約登指數為0.464,其診斷準確率為78.2%,敏感度為68.5%,特異度為77.9%。結論:冠脈鈣化積分可能影響CT-FFR,可預測功能性缺血的發生,即鈣化積分越高,血管功能越差,CT-FFR越低,缺血越嚴重。CCS患者血尿酸是否與CT-FFR存在相關性有待進一步研究。

[關鍵詞] 血尿酸;鈣化積分;血流儲備分數;冠狀動脈;心肌缺血

Effect of blood uric acid and calcification scores to CT-based noninvasive fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) in patients with chronic coronary syndrome

[Abstract] Objective:To explore the effect of blood uric acid and calcification score to CT-based noninvasive fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). Methods:A total of 150 CCS patients were enrolled,all patients underwent coronary CTA (CCTA) and stenosis in the target vessels was detected. and the serum uric acid concentration was measured during hospitalization. CT-FFR was calculated by deep learning method,and the lowest value among the three target vessels was taken as the CT-FFR value. According to the CT-FFR value,all patients were divided into the normal group (CT-FFR>0.8,77 cases) and the abnormal group (CT-FFR≤0.8,73 cases),and the serum uric acid and the total calcification score were compared between the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was performed for CT-FFR and serum uric acid,total calcification score,logistic regression analysis was performed,and the diagnostic accuracy was analyzed by ROC curve. Results:There was a statistically significant difference in calcification score between the two groups (Z=-5.958,P<0.05) and no significant difference in serum uric acid (t=-0.448,P>0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between calcification score and CT-FFR (r=-0.556,P<0.05). The AUC was 0.782,and the calcification score threshold for pathological level (CT-FFR≤0.8) was 313.05 points,with a Youden index of 0.464,an accuracy of 78.2%,a sensitivity of 68.5% and a specificity of 77.9%. Conclusions:The calcification score of coronary artery can influence the CT-FFR value and can predict the occurrence of functional ischemia. The greater the calcification score,the lower the CT-FFR. Whether uric acid has a corrrelation with CT-FFR in CCS patients needs the further study.

[Key words] Serum uric acid;Calcification score;Fractional flow reserve;Coronary artery;Myocardial ischaemia

冠狀動脈(冠脈)造影下的血流儲備分數(fractional flow reserve,FFR)作為診斷的冠脈血流動力學的金標準[1],存在費用高、有創等局限。而基于冠脈CTA(coronary computed tomography angiography,CCTA)的血流儲備分數(computed tomography derived fractional flow reserve,CT-FFR)因具有無創、便捷快速、診斷效能高等特點[2-3]被應用于臨床。

既往大量研究表明,高血尿酸血癥(hyperuricemia,HUA)是冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟?。ü谛牟。┑奈kU因素[4]。臨床診斷冠脈狹窄往往基于其解剖學的結構狹窄,忽視了管腔狹窄后血管自身代償及側支循環建立后血管所支配的心肌供血情況,不能客觀反映是否存在心肌缺血[5],且高濃度血尿酸對血管內皮影響可導致血管不同程度鈣化,從而影響血管彈性[6-8]。因此,本研究以CCS患者的CT-FFR、血尿酸及鈣化積分為研究對象,探討血尿酸及鈣化積分是否對CT-FFR產生影響。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

回顧性分析2018年6月至2021年6月于北京中醫藥大學東直門醫院行CCTA的慢性冠脈綜合征(chronic coronary syndrome,CCS)[9]患者,篩選其CCTA結果存在狹窄且有血尿酸檢測結果者。排除標準:①既往行冠脈血運重建;②存在心肌橋;③CTA圖像質量不合格(呼吸錯層偽影、斷層、層厚>1 mm等);④有其他可導致血尿酸代謝異常的血液系統性疾??;⑤近30 d曾服可致血尿酸含量增加的藥物。

最終納入150例,年齡34~88歲,其中男87例,平均年齡(65.33±9.89)歲;女63例,平均年齡(70.27±10.18)歲。根據2017年《中國高血尿酸血癥相關疾病診療多學科專家共識》[10],以男性血尿酸值>420 μmol/L、女性>360 μmol/L診斷為HUA,以CT-FFR=0.8為冠脈缺血的臨界值[11],>0.8為正常組(77例),≤0.8為異常組(73例)。所有患者均簽署知情同意書。

1.2? 儀器與方法

1.2.1? CCTA掃描? 使用Siemens新雙源CT對冠脈進行掃描,患者心率≤90次/min。掃描參數:100~120 kV,350~450 mA,準直器寬度128×0.625 mm,層厚、層距均為0.5 mm,X線管轉速0.27 s/r,矩陣512×512。采用前瞻性心電門控及對比劑跟蹤技術,經肘正中靜脈注射對比劑碘佛醇注射液,流率4~5 mL/s。行MPR、MIP、CPR及VR,同時按Agatston等[12]積分法計算鈣化積分(圖1)。

1.2.2? CT-FFR的測量? 將掃描后的圖像以MPR/斷面層DICOM格式導入專業CT-FFR計算軟件(深脈分數?-DVFFR,科亞醫療,中國)。軟件自動識別圖像中冠脈的管腔及中心線,提取其算法所需幾何特征,對其進行基于Poiseuille定律和Navier-Stokes方程計算,使流體力學特征融合深度學習模擬算法。分析冠脈左前降支、左回旋支、右冠脈的CT-FFR及數值可視化的冠脈血管樹,以最低值作為該患者的冠脈CT-FFR(圖2)。

1.3? 統計學方法

使用SPSS 26.0軟件對數據進行統計分析,對連續性變量行正態性檢驗,符合正態分布的計量資料用[x]±s表示,非正態分布用M(Q1,Q2)表示,計數資料用頻數和率表示。正態性數據組間比較行獨立樣本t檢驗,非正態及等級變量行Mann-Whitney U檢驗非參數秩和檢驗。對CT-FFR、血尿酸值、鈣化積分等行Pearson相關分析。通過logistic回歸分析進行預測,通過ROC曲線分析鈣化積分、血尿酸和CT-FFR對缺血性狹窄的診斷價值。以P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。

2? 結果

2組性別、年齡及血尿酸比較,差異均無統計學意義(均P>0.05);而2組鈣化積分差異有統計學意義(Z=-5.958,P<0.05)(表1),即血管無功能學狹窄患者的鈣化積分更低。

鈣化積分與CT-FFR呈顯著負相關(r=-0.556,P<0.001),即鈣化積分越高,CT-FFR越低;而血尿酸與CT-FFR、鈣化積分均無相關性(r=0.078,0.019;均P>0.05)。

logistic回歸分析顯示,2組僅鈣化積分差異有統計學意義(β=0.003,P<0.001)。繪制ROC曲線(圖3),計算AUC為0.782,即鈣化積分預測冠脈缺血的準確率為78.2%,敏感度為68.5%,特異度為77.9%,且異常組的鈣化積分閾值為313.05分,約登指數為0.464。

3? 討論

本研究以CT-FFR作為冠脈狹窄的評估指標,探討血尿酸、總鈣化積分對CT-FFR的影響。研究發現,血尿酸水平與冠脈狹窄缺血無相關性,但鈣化積分與CT-FFR呈顯著負相關,即鈣化積分越高,冠脈狹窄造成的心肌缺血越嚴重,且當鈣化積分>313.05分時,CT-FFR≤0.8,其預測準確率為78.2%,敏感度為68.5%,特異度為77.9%。既往關于血尿酸與冠脈狹窄的研究[13]多基于CCTA下的冠脈管腔解剖學狹窄情況,而因側支循環及自身代償等因素導致管腔解剖學的狹窄程度常與真實的缺血程度存在一定差異。多項研究表明,CT-FFR與FFR在冠脈狹窄血流動力學評估方面一致性較好[14-16]。本研究應用CT-FFR作為評價冠脈狹窄所致心肌缺血的功能性評價指標,將其與血尿酸及鈣化積分聯合進行分析,為CCS合并HUA及冠脈高鈣化積分患者的冠脈狹窄缺血事件發生的預防提供一定依據。

研究表明,HUA與冠脈疾病密切相關[4,17],血尿酸越高,血管狹窄程度越重[18]。而本研究中血尿酸與CT-FFR并無相關性,原因可能是由于血尿酸產生的炎性反應、血小板激化、血管內皮功能紊亂等[19-20]機制需在一定時間下促使管腔狹窄,早期HUA可能并未對管腔狹窄及血管彈性產生影響。DAI等[21]發現,當血尿酸>467 μmol/L時,3支病變的風險顯著增加。因此,血尿酸在超過一定閾值時對冠脈血流動力學產生明確的影響,但這個閾值可能并非臨床診斷HUA的數值。后續需行大樣本量臨床研究及基礎試驗進一步明確此閾值。后期研究中應考慮患者HUA的病程及是否有尿酸鹽結晶等因素,同時將血尿酸進行分層研究。

Qi等[22]的研究表明,鈣化積分與血管狹窄存在相關性,鈣化積分越高,血管狹窄越嚴重。本研究中鈣化積分與CT-FFR呈顯著負相關,即鈣化積分越高,CT-FFR越低,冠脈功能缺血狹窄越嚴重,當鈣化積分>313.05分時,CT-FFR≤0.8,其預測的準確率為78.2%,敏感度為68.5%,特異度為77.9%。本研究進一步證實鈣化積分與冠脈功能學缺血狹窄亦有關,其準確率尚可,敏感度一般。冠脈鈣化多因鈣鹽沉積于血管壁使中膜及內膜受損,導致血管硬化,從而影響冠脈血流,與本研究高鈣化積分患者CT-FFR低的結果一致。既往研究多以斑塊性質為切入點,探討不同斑塊的鈣化積分對心功能的影響[23-25],本研究從血管鈣化影響血流動力學的角度論證高鈣化積分對心血管產生的影響,在理論上雖然血管鈣化對血管彈性的影響可能導致CT-FFR測量值存在偏倚,但目前研究認為血管鈣化并未影響CT-FFR的診斷效能[26]。

本研究存在的不足:樣本量較??;所用鈣化積分為總鈣化積分,反映的是血管整體的斑塊負荷情況,而總鈣化積分并不能完全等同于靶血管缺血部位的鈣化程度,因此下一步有待擴大樣本量針對各靶血管的鈣化積分進行細化分析。

綜上所述,CCS患者鈣化積分與CT-FFR呈顯著負相關,可預測冠脈狹窄所致的心肌缺血情況;而CCS患者血尿酸是否與CT-FFR存在相關性,需進一步研究。

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