“形容詞的最高級”焦點訪談

劉　燦

焦點一：最高級的表達含義

英語中，當三者或三者以上的人或事物作比較時，若其中的一方在某方面最為突出時要用形容詞的最高級來表達。它的基本句型為“A+系動詞+the+最高級+of/in短語”，其中，形容詞的最高級之前一定要用定冠詞the。介詞短語表示比較范圍，其中，of之后接可數名詞或all等代詞，主語和of后的名詞屬于同一類；in之后接一個組織、單位、團體之類的集體名詞，表示的是比較的范圍。例如：

Her MP4 is the most expensive of the three.

她的MP4是這三臺中最貴的。

Tony is the best student in our class. 托尼是我們班上最好的學生。

焦點二：最高級的構成

形容詞的最高級的構成一般分為規則變化和不規則變化兩類。

1．規則變化見下表：

2．少數形容詞的最高級形式是不規則的，須單獨記憶。例如：

good/well→best；ill/bad→worst；many/much→most；

little→least；old→oldest/eldest；far→farthest/furthest

焦點三：最高級的主要句型

1．“A+系動詞+the+最高級+of/in短語”表示“在……范圍內A最……”。例如：

Gao Qiang is the tallest in our class. 在我們班上高強個子最高。

2．“A+be+one of the+最高級+復數名詞”表示“A是最……的之一”。

特別提醒：該句型中，one of后面的名詞要用復數形式。例如：

我們學校是我市最好的學校之一。

誤：Our school is one of the best school in our city.

正：Our school is one of the best schools in our city.

3．“Which/Who+系動詞+the+最高級，A、B or C？”表示“A、B、和C，哪個/誰最……？”。例如：

Which is the most dangerous, a bus, a train or a plane?

汽車，火車和飛機，哪個最危險？

Who is the heaviest, Kate, Tom or Mike?

誰最重，凱特、湯姆還是邁克？

4．“…the+序數詞+最高級+單數名詞+in+范圍”表示“在……范圍內……是第幾的……”。例如：

The Changjiang River is the first longest river in our country.

長江是我國第一大河。

Dai Ming is the second tallest boy in our class.

戴明是我們班上個子第二高的男孩。

焦點四：最高級前的the

形容詞的最高級之前通常要用定冠詞the，但在下列情況下卻不能用the：

1．最高級之前已有指示代詞修飾時。例如：

That youngest man is her elder brother. 那個最年輕的人是她的哥哥。

2．最高級之前有物主代詞修飾時。例如：

She is our best teacher. 她是我們最好的老師。

3．最高級之前有名詞所有格修飾時。例如：

It is Gao Kuns happiest day. 這是高坤最快樂的一天。

4．兩個或多個形容詞最高級連用時，除第一個形容詞最高級之前用定冠詞the以外，其余的都要省去the。例如：

Please give the heaviest and biggest box to me.

請把那個最重最大的箱子給我。

焦點五：比較等級之間的轉換

形容詞的比較等級（即原級、比較級和最高級）的運用，是受上述規則制約的，但這也不是說是一成不變的，它們之間是可以相互轉換的。一般分為以下幾類：

1．原級與比較級之間的轉換：

句型not so/as…as與比較級之間的轉換。例如：

This car is not so/as expensive as that one.

=This car is cheaper than that one.

2．比較級與比較級之間的轉換：

通?？梢杂眯稳菰~的反義詞來作比較級間的轉換。例如：

Kate is much taller than Mary.

=Mary is much shorter than Kate.

3．比較級與最高級之間的轉換：

最高級+in+集體名詞可轉換為以下幾種比較級結構：

A）比較級+than any other+單數名詞；

B）比較級+than+any of the other+復數名詞；

C）比較級+than+the others（或the other+復數名詞）；

D）比較級+than+anyone else；

E）no one+謂語+比較級+than+sb./sth.。例如：

This unit is the most difficult in this book.

=This unit is more difficult than any other unit in this book.

=This unit is more difficult than any of the other units in this book.

=This unit is more difficult than the others in this book.

=This unit is more difficult than the other units in this book.

=This unit is more difficult than anyone else in this book.

=This unit is more difficult than any unit else in this book.

=No one is more difficult than this unit in this book.

【即時操練】

Ⅰ.“霧里挑花”顯真功。

1. Whose house is ____ the school in your class?

A. far B. the farthest

C. far from D. the farthest from

2. Tingting is cleverer than I ____.

A. do B. am C. doing D. to

3. Tony is more careful than ____ in our class.

A. any girl B. any other C. any boy D. anybody

4. ——Which is ____ season in Beijing?

——I think its autumn.

A. good B. better C. best D. the best

5. Which subject is ____, English or Maths?

A. interesting B. most interesting

C. more interesting D. the most interesting

6. Hainan is a very large island. Its the second ____ island in China.

A. large B. larger C. largest D. most large

7. He is ____ more careful than anyone else in his class.

A. more B. very C. any D. much

8. You have more apples than ____. But mine ____ bigger than yours.

A. me; is B. I; are C. mine; is D. mine; are

Ⅱ.“超強糾錯”硬道理。

1. Her schoolbag is heavier than I.

2. His sister is the shortest of the two.

3. Xiao Ma is most careless in his class.

4. Which one is better, the white one and the black one?

5. Shanghai is larger than any city in China.

Ⅲ.“異曲同工”真本領。

1. Simon has the longest journey.

Simon has ____ journey ____ the others.

2. London is larger than any other city in England.

London is ____ ____ city in England.

3. Fangfang has ten CDs and Weiwei has eight CDs.

Fangfang has ____ ____ CDs than Weiwei.

4. Our basketball team is much stronger than the other two.

Our basketball team is ____ ____ of the ____.

5. Which is your favourite journey?

Which journey do you ____ ____?

參考答案：

Ⅰ.1.D 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.B

Ⅱ.1.I→mine 2.shortest→shorter 3.在most前加the 4.and→or 5.在city前加other

Ⅲ.1.longer, than 2.the largest 3.two more 4.the strongest, three 5.like best