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還詩歌教學的本義

2017-05-03 21:52曹澎
江蘇教育·中學教學版 2017年4期
關鍵詞:韻腳修辭手法人文素養

【摘 要】詩歌是語言藝術的精華,英文詩歌滲透著語言文化內容和人文底蘊。初中學生進行英語詩歌學習,在學習英語基礎知識的同時,還要領悟詩意詩境,理解并初步運用詩歌韻腳、詩歌節奏、修辭手法,感受韻律美、節奏美和語言美,從而進一步提升學生的人文素養。

【關鍵詞】賞讀;韻腳;節奏;修辭手法;人文素養

【中圖分類號】G633.4 【文獻標志碼】A 【文章編號】1005-6009(2017)27-0024-03

【作者簡介】曹澎,江蘇省錫山高級中學實驗學校(江蘇無錫,214177)副校長,高級教師,江蘇省特級教師。

一、教材分析

譯林版義務教育教科書《英語》八年級上冊 Module 2 Nature and the Environment 中Unit 7(簡稱M2 U7)的中心話題是季節。圍繞這一話題,教材在第一板塊Comic strip & Welcome中以“Weather and seasons”激活學生對這一話題已有的知識儲備,學習有關天氣的知識,討論各自喜歡的季節及原因。在之后的第二板塊Reading中,教材呈現一首詩歌Seasons of the Year,此為本節課的教學內容。

本課也是學生在教材中接觸到的第二篇詩歌。Seasons of the Year以四季變換入手,抓住四季特點,描述季節之美。全詩分為四個詩節,它語言凝練、韻律和諧、主題鮮明、意境優美。

二、教學目標

本課將詩歌閱讀教學定位于“賞讀”,引導學生從品味、欣賞的角度進行閱讀。通過學習,學生能說出詩歌韻腳、節奏方面的特點,能賞析擬人化的修辭手法,并找出相應詩句,品味詩歌的韻律美,感受節奏美,體悟語言美。

三、教學過程及設計意圖

課前循環播放一段四季變換的視頻,同時教師介紹自己,與學生相識,一起走進師生共同的學習場。

Step 1 導入

T: Whats the video mainly about?

S: Its about seasons.

T:Yes, its about seasons,changes of seasons. We know a year is divided into four seasons. What are they?

S: Spring, summer, autumn and winter.

T: Right. Now lets have a brainstorm. Please use adjectives and nouns to describe different seasons.

S1: Spring is warm.

S2: Ice cream.

T: Oh, you mean summer reminds you of ice creams.

S3: Autumn is yellow.

S4: Winter is cold/cool/rainy/snowy...學生用了很多詞匯來描述四季。

【設計意圖】課前播放的視頻自然而然地把學生引入“四季”這個話題。導入環節中用頭腦風暴的形式,讓學生在快速搜索已有知識的過程中,用學過的形容詞和名詞分別描述四個季節,主動思考四季的不同特點,聚焦本課主題“四季”。

Step 2 詩歌賞讀

(1)Feel the tone of the poem by listening.

T:Listen, Millie is reading the poem “Seasons of the year”. Please keep your eyes closed and listen.

T:Maybe poems are always as beautiful as pictures. Now lets enjoy the video of the poem with our eyes wide open.

【設計意圖】通過先閉眼聆聽,再睜眼觀看的形式,讓學生聽讀感知,走進詩境。閉眼聆聽時,學生就有了強烈的期待,睜眼觀看時,激起了更強的學習欲望。這一設計,抓住了學生的好奇心,以優美的詩句配以歡快清新的音樂和唯美的畫面,激發學生進一步深入賞讀的渴望。

(2)Understand the meaning of the poem by referencing the PowerPoint presentation.

T: After reading the poem, Millie is drawing pictures of the four seasons. Help her write the correct seasons in the blanks and then match each season with the descriptions in the poem.

T: Please read by yourselves and ask me for help if you have difficulties in understanding the poem.

【設計意圖】這一環節,先利用課本中的“詩畫匹配”練習,幫助學生結合文本,隨文識字,學習新單詞,再讓學生在自主朗讀中針對自己的理解疑難處,采用主動提問的學習策略,用語境和圖片幫助理解shower,memory,drop,temperature等單詞。詩歌中有很多地道的詞匯和表達法,如April showers,sweet memories,lazy afternoons等,通過詩畫結合的學習方式讓學生實現內化。整個詞匯教學的過程沒有打亂本節課詩歌賞讀的完整性,始終建立在“整體賞讀”的設計中。學生跟著視頻一起朗誦,讓學生進一步體會“詩歌是語言的音樂”。

(3)Feel the rhyme and rhythm of the poem by repeatedly reading and reciting.

T: Is the poem beautiful?

S: Yes.

T: Why do you think so?

學生思考,但較少回答出來。教師引導。

T:Maybe one of the reasons is that poems have their own characteristics. What are they?

學生仍然深思,難以回答。教師繼續引導。

T:Now heres a Chinese ancient poem. Maybe we can learn from it.(Show the poem《春曉》)

T:These words “xiao, niao, shao” have similar sounds, and we call them rhyming words. Yes, a poem has its own rhyme. Words that rhyme with each other are often used in poems.

T:And we can stress or emphasize the words which are important. Make the stressed syllables strong, and the unstressed syllables weak and quick. So the poem has its own rhythm. The rise and fall of the voice in reading with rhythm means “cadence”. The rhythm and cadence of the poem delight our ears.

T: And they are the same as English poems.

(呈現翻譯家許淵沖的譯作:Spring morning/This spring morning in bed Im lying, / Not to wake till birds are crying, / After one night of wind and showers, / How many are the fallen flowers.)

T:Now can you find the words that rhyme in the poem “Seasons of the year”?

S1: Snow rhymes with grow.

S2: Away rhymes with day.

……

T: A poem has its own rhyme and rhythm, and they make poems beautiful. This time lets read the whole poem together with music, feeling the rhyming beauty and the rhythmic beauty.

【設計意圖】這一環節旨在帶領學生走進詩歌深處,理解詩歌特色。學生因對詩歌知識的匱乏而產生了學習障礙,此時教師由引導轉向指導,明確指向學生的學。借助學生極為熟悉的古詩《春曉》,幫助學生了解詩歌的韻腳、節奏。

(4)Appreciate the beauty of the poem by doing detailed reading.

T:Besides the rhyming beauty and the rhythmic beauty, what other beauty can you find in the poem? Can you find the language beauty?

T:Thats because the poet uses some beautiful words and phrases to make the poem beautiful. Now, lets find them.

S:In the sentence “When trees and flowers forget to grow”, the word “forget” is special.

T:Is it like a persons action? Here the writer uses personification to make the poem more beautiful. It gives human form of feelings, ideas to animals, or to inanimate objects.

T: Can you find more examples?

很快學生又找到了play,hide。

T: A famous poet says, “If you really want to know the poem, read it. Read it carefully. Pay attention, read it out loud.” Lets read the poem in roles. I read the first stanza, boys the second, girls the third,and we read the last stanza together.

T: Practise reading the poem in groups of four. Please express your own feelings about each season and then present in class.

【設計意圖】從初讀、誦讀到細讀、品讀,在步步深入的賞讀過程中,學生對本詩的理解也在逐漸加深。這里設計了細讀品鑒、美點尋蹤,學生賞析了擬人手法,感受詩歌的語言美。設計師生分角色朗讀,既讓教師做了詩歌朗讀的示范,又拉近了師生距離,師生成為學習共同體。

(5)Have a discussion.

1) Why does the poem begin with winter and end with winter?

2) Whats your feeling after reading the poem?

【設計意圖】詩歌賞讀最終都應落實在學生的理解和感悟上,用各種方式帶領學生走進文本,就是為了讓學生走出文本時能帶上新獲取的審美能力、新提升的人文素養和新拓展的審美視界。學生在學會發現美、感受美之后,這首小詩引起了他們心靈的共鳴。

Step 3 讀后運用

(1)Put them into the right order.

T: A poem is how the reader reads.

A poem is how the poet writes.

A poem is real. A poem is fake.

A poem is anything. I make it mine.

(2)Complete the poem with “seen, return, room, sky”.(Spring by Robert McCracken具體內容略)

(3)Try to be a poet. Try to write a poem about the season you like best.

【設計意圖】給詩句排序、填入詩歌所缺單詞,這兩項都需要根據韻腳規律,并理解詩歌內容后完成。這實現了知識的遷移,既檢測了學生的課堂學習成效,又加深了學生對英文詩歌的了解。這一環節特別設計了詩味十足的語言,一方面使整堂課始終保持濃濃的詩味,另一方面告訴學生詩無達詁,賞讀詩歌沒有標準答案可循,詩歌理解需要主動的個性化的感悟和思考。另外,讓學生在賞讀之余、意猶未盡之時,選取自己最喜歡的一個季節,當一回詩人,過一把詩癮。

Step 4 課后延伸

Revise your own poem after class and the website may help you. http://en8848.com.cn/read/poems.

【設計意圖】在課后延伸即作業布置環節,讓學生修改課堂習作,繼續創作小詩,并提供了英文詩歌網站,幫助學生保持濃厚的學習熱情。

四、教后反思

初中學生英語詩歌閱讀可以讀些什么?可以讀語言,讀文采,讀感情,讀思想,讀文化承載,等等。我想,詩歌閱讀就是要引導學生讀出詩歌的美,欣賞詩歌的美,享受詩歌帶來的愉悅和美感。

初中學生英語詩歌閱讀可以怎么讀?詩歌閱讀應是基于詩性的閱讀,即尊重詩歌的特質。最可能具有“詩性”的閱讀方式是體悟,“解釋”顯然不是詩歌閱讀的正確打開方式。在本節課中,本著“多一些朗讀,少一些分析;多一些自我體驗,少一些微言大義”的原則,筆者從聽讀感知切入,讀悟交錯,層層遞進,設計了兩次聽讀,兩次集體朗讀,一次自由朗讀,一次分角色朗讀,一次小組朗讀以及一次朗讀展示共八個層次的悟讀。我認為,詩性的閱讀應該是把所有的生命感官打開,面向詩歌的意象和語言本身,通過誦讀得到自己切身的感受。此刻讀者不是單純的欣賞者,而是成為詩歌文本的生產者,讀者可以在閱讀的過程中產生創造的快樂。

詩歌是語言藝術的精華,英語詩歌滲透著語言文化和人文底蘊。我認為,初中學生的英語詩歌學習,是要在學習英語基礎知識的同時,還要領悟詩意詩境,理解并初步運用詩歌韻腳、詩歌節奏、修辭手法,感受韻律美、節奏美和語言美,從而進一步提升學生的人文素養。

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