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從《百年酒館》看小詞妙用

2017-11-18 11:47趙晨曦
新東方英語 2017年11期
關鍵詞:小酒館酒館英文

趙晨曦

沒有靚麗的演員,也沒有華麗的布景,導演甚至不愿意花費精力去變換場景,在豆瓣評分高達9.3的美劇《百年酒館》(Horace and Pete)中,屈指可數的幾位演員用大段的獨白和慢條斯理的對話構建了直指人心的劇情。

在布魯克林有一家有著100多年歷史的小酒館,最初開酒館的兩兄弟分別叫Horace Wittel和Pete Wittel。他們定了一個家族傳統:酒館將由他們后代中的男孩繼承,而這些男孩將分別繼承他們的名字。于是,酒館就這樣一代一代地傳承下來,一直輪到如今的Horace VIII和Pete VIII。然而,正如同小酒館的陳設逐漸泛黃、褪色,主人公們也在暗淡的人生中蹣跚前行。Horace VIII始終孤身一人、與子女關系惡劣。Pete VIII患有精神病,必須長期服藥,除了去醫院,他從未踏出過酒館一步。他們的姐妹Sylvia Wittel患有乳腺癌,總想賣掉酒館給自己治病。他們的叔叔Uncle Pete (即Pete VII)乖戾、偏執,動不動就對人說惡毒的臟話,毫不顧忌他人感受。而常常光顧小酒館的客人們同樣顯露著中年頹勢,舉手投足間透著命運不濟。有人說,《百年酒館》是一部致郁劇,也有人說它是最悲傷的喜劇??偠灾?,該劇的導演兼編劇兼Horace VIII的扮演者Louis C. K.著筆墨于生活中的“小確喪”,引我們領略了一番生活的別樣滋味。

該劇的一大特色是話劇式表演,主要通過主人公們的對話來推進故事情節。劇中使用的都是日常對話,涉及的詞匯并不專業、晦澀,常用我們十分熟悉的一些簡單詞匯來精準表達不同的含義。下面我們就一起通過這部劇來領略小詞的美妙。

看小詞妙用

一天,大家都聚集在酒館的小電視機前看籃球比賽??吹阶约褐С忠环降那騿T總是不能成功投籃,Uncle Pete急得面紅耳赤,開始破口大罵。而其他人則表現得十分淡定,覺得這不過是一場比賽,犯不上如此激動??粗鳸ncle Pete那副怒其不爭、痛心不已的樣子,其中一位黑人??虲arl覺得十分滑稽,忍不住開口“懟”了Uncle Pete。

Uncle Pete: [to TV] You (指電視里正在比賽的運動員) cant make a simple shot? Just put it in!

Carl: Oh, my man.

Uncle Pete: Hey, you shut your mouth, Carl. Shut your mouth. This aint funny.

Carl: This is hilarious (滑稽的), absolutely funny, look at you. Getting your blood pressure all up for what? Cause youre losing your hard-earned money?

小詞分析:Earn的本義是“賺得、獲得”。通過常見的構詞法,earn的過去分詞earned搖身一變就成了形容詞,前面加上hard并用連字符“-”連接,即可表示辛苦賺得或來之不易的錢,也就是“血汗錢”。除了臺詞中的用法,hard-earned還可以充當定語,置于名詞之前。例如:Life has been good to you, so use some of your time, talent and hard-earned money to help those less fortunate. (生活如此善待你,所以你可以花一些時間、精力和得來不易的錢去幫助那些不那么幸運的人。)

場景

1

Horace VIII近來總是情緒低落,整日無精打采,不想干活兒,也不愿與人交談。Uncle Pete覺得Horace VIII狀態不對,便問他是否心情不好。Pete VIII也關心地追問他到底怎么了。但Horace VIII卻覺得他們很煩,堅稱自己什么事都沒有。

Uncle Pete: Hey, what are you, down in the dumps or something?

Pete VIII: Whats wrong with you?

Horace VIII: Theres nothing wrong with me.

小詞分析:Dump的本義是“垃圾堆”,因此短語down in the dumps的字面意思是落在垃圾堆里,常用于形容“心情不佳,沮喪至極”。例如:“You look down in the dumps.”(你看起來很沮喪。)

場景

2

酒館景象

眾人閑聊時,幾名??烷_始討論墮胎是否合理以及自己能否接受的問題。向來腦回路奇特又比較偏執的Dom認為墮胎就是對胎兒的不負責任,而Mark則認為孕婦對腹中的胎兒、自己的身體和人生應該有話語權。Dom聞言不知該如何反駁,只好說自己不是女人,不會生孩子,所以體會不到,而且性別也不是自己的選擇。

Dom: What bothers me is that women want to just ignore the fact that there is some responsibility to the person thats growing inside them.

Mark: I know, but imagine if you had a guy growing in your stomach, you know? Its not the greatest thing going on in your life. Wouldnt you want to have some say of whether or not you can get it out of there?endprint

Dom: Yeah, but I dont have those parts, okay? I wasnt born to have babies. I didnt draw that straw.

小詞分析:Straw的本義是“稻草;吸管”。過去,人們使用稻草抓鬮,所以straw一詞被賦予了很多引申含義,其中就包括“選擇”。比如臺詞中的“I didnt draw that straw”就意為“這不是我的選擇”,其中draw意為“抽取”。Draw the short straw意為“被選中去干不愿干的事”,例如:“Im afraid youve drawn the short straw—youre sitting next to him.”(恐怕是你中了頭彩——你得坐在他旁邊。) Draw straws意為“抓鬮”,例如:“Lets draw straws to see who has to clean the office.”(我們抽簽決定誰去打掃辦公室。) The final/last straw表示“最終使人無法忍受的事”,即中文表達“壓死駱駝的最后一根稻草”,例如:“The final straw came when his wife asked him for divorce.”(當妻子提出離婚時,他徹底崩潰了。)

場景

3

覺得空虛、沮喪的Horace VIII邀請舊相識Maggie到家中做客。因為有段時日未見,兩人剛見面時先是一番寒暄,隨后Maggie講述了自己和飛行員丈夫相識、相戀的難忘往事。

Maggie: I got a job in Manhattan, … and I hated it. Anyway, so then I decided … I dont need this, this is a bad idea.… So I had this friend, Trisha. She lives in New Orleans. She invites me down for Jazz Fest ... So I figure Ill go down there, scope it out, maybe Ill move there, right? So, Im at the airport. Im at the gate, my flights delayed. No, they had the plane there, but they were waiting on the flight crew…. Finally, these pilots show up in their pilot uniforms with their black briefcases and as theyre getting on the plane, one of them turns to us and he smiles that big pilot smile…. And everyone grumbled, but I laughed, because he was so sweet…. Uh, we got married. Then we went to Jamaica, and then I moved into his house in Atlanta…. Its totally not any kind of trajectory that I pictured for myself.

小詞分析:Scope作名詞意為“范圍”,作動詞意為“審視,詳查”,即仔細研究、一探究竟。Scope out sth./sb.的英文解釋為to look carefully to see if something or someone is interesting or attractive,即“仔細打量,考量”,例如:“Dave is scoping out those girls.”(Dave正在仔細打量那些女孩。)或者“Lets go scope out that new grocery store.”(我們去那家新開的雜貨店去探探情況吧。)

Crew的英文解釋為“a group of people who work together, especially all those who work on and operate a ship, aircraft, etc.”,即在一起工作的一組人。例如:flight crew (機務組)、an ambulance crew (救護人員)、a lifeboat crew (救生艇船員)、a film crew (劇組)。

Uniform意為“制服”,其英文解釋為a particular set of clothes that has to be worn by the members of the same organization or group of people,即同一個組織的人穿著的一種特定服裝,例如:military uniform (軍裝)、school uniform (校服)、a nurses uniform (護士服)。

Briefcase意為“公文包”,多用來放置商業文件。英文中關于包的表達有很多,比如backpack (書包)、baggage (行李箱)、carryall (手提袋)、toilet bag (洗漱包)等。

Grumble的英文解釋為to complain about someone or something in an annoyed way,即發牢騷。例如:“She spent the evening grumbling to me about her job.”(她一晚上都在向我抱怨她的工作。) Grumble的另一個常用含義是“肚子發出咕噥聲”,通常由饑餓所致,其英文解釋為:“If your stomach grumbles, it makes a low, continuous noise, usually because you are hungry.”endprint

Trajectory一詞表示“發展軌跡”。Be on an upward trajectory表示處在上升軌跡,be on a downward trajectory表示處于下降軌跡。

Picture作名詞時表示“圖片”,作動詞時表示“描繪;構想”(to imagine something)。例如:“Try to picture yourself lying on a beach in the hot sun.”(試著想象你躺在烈日下的海灘上。)

一日關門后,Uncle Pete一邊打掃酒館,一邊看著陳舊的桌椅,向Pete VIII感慨一切都舊了。Pete VIII則向Uncle Pete提起街上有家名為Ralphs的商店關門了,或許可以從那兒淘到一些可用的東西。

Uncle Pete: These glasses are getting all fogged. We gotta get new ones. Chairs are weak, too.

Pete VIII: Uh, yeah, you know, Ralphs is closing.

Uncle Pete: So?

Pete VIII: He, uh ... The guy there had a heart attack, so they cant make their payments, so theyre closing down.

Uncle Pete: Who cares about Ralphs?

Pete VIII: I know, but they just recently renovated and now theyre closing down, so I figure they must have some stuff that we can use, like chairs, like we can get some chairs for cheap.

Uncle Pete: Yeah, its good, thats a good idea.

小詞分析:Fog作名詞表示“霧”,作動詞表示“以霧籠罩;使模糊”,可用于形容玻璃杯變舊、不再干凈的樣子。類似的引申表達還有:“Alcohol fogs the brain.”(酒精模糊了意識。)

Weak表示“虛弱”,我們習慣用這個詞形容人身體上的虛弱。而臺詞中weak的用法給了我們很好的啟發,該詞也可以形容物品脆弱、易壞、不牢固的樣子。除此之外,weak還可表示性格上的懦弱,例如:“He was a weak king surrounded by corrupt advisers.”(他是一個懦弱的國王,身邊圍繞著一群貪腐之人。) Weak還可以表示證據、論點的薄弱,例如:“He gave the weakest of excuses when asked why he was late.”(當被問及為何遲到,他的理由特別站不住腳。)

場景

5

Uncle Pete

場景

4

Maggie和Horace VIII

在探討人們對于親友生病的態度時,身患絕癥的Sylvia語氣悲涼,消極、絕望。她覺得人們在照顧病人時會不自覺地將自己的想法強加于病人,甚至會利用病人的需求來控制病人。所以當Horace VIII勸她不要對Brenda那么刻薄時,Sylvia一口拒絕了。

Horace VIII: You kinda pushed Brenda away there. I mean, she was taking care of you, and you literally told her, “Go fuck off.”

Sylvia: And I dont regret it. Believe it or not, much as I need her, I would rather die…. You dont know that one, Horace. Shes got this way of leveraging my needs against me. Just honestly, Id rather fend for myself.

小詞分析:Fend表示“照顧,照料”,短語fend for oneself則意為“照顧自己”。另一個常見短語fend sb./sth. off表示“避開,擋開”,英文解釋為to avoid dealing with something that is unpleasant or difficult,例如:“This project has a competitive ability to fend off the risks.”(該項目具有抵御風險的能力。)

Marsha (左二)等人為Uncle Pete守靈

場景

7

Uncle Pete毫無征兆地自殺了,這既令人悲傷又讓人無法理解。只有六個人出席了他的葬禮:Pete VIII、Horace VIII和女兒Alice、Sylvia和女兒Brenda以及Uncle Pete生前的好友Marsha。葬禮結束后,他們一起回到酒館為Uncle Pete守靈。期間Sylvia和Brenda起了爭執,Brenda被母親刻薄的態度氣哭了,結果招致Marsha的嘲笑。

Sylvia: Why are you laughing?

Marsha: She (指Brenda) is crying at a wake, but not because of who died.endprint

小詞分析:Wake是我們再熟悉不過的一個詞,其基本意為“醒來;喚醒”。而wake作名詞時還有個特別的含義“守靈”,即有人離世時,其親朋好友聚集在一起為其守護的場景。英文解釋為an occasion when the family and friends of a dead person meet in order to look at the dead body the night before it is buried, or a party held after a funeral.

劇中還有一段顧客和老板間令人難忘的對話。透過這段對話,我們能了解到小酒館的前世今生,感受到歷史的積淀。

Pete VIII: Hey, this bars been here for a hundred years.

Customer: Serious?

Pete VIII: Yeah!

Customer: Why is it called Horace and Petes?

Pete VIII: Cause its our place. Thats Horace and Im Pete.

Customer: So you guys are like a hundred years old, too?

Pete VIII: No, you see, this place was opened in 1916 by two brothers named Horace and Pete and each of them had a son. Horace had a son Horace. Pete had a son Pete.

百年酒館是一個縮影,它見證了人們的悲喜,更折射出美國一百年來的社會變遷。盡管科技日益進步,人們的生活條件看似越來越好,但不良嗜好、家庭暴力、種族歧視、心理疾病等問題依然潛藏在人們的生活里。艱難本就是生活的原色,每逢低谷和窘境,人們總要問一問“我是誰”“我要做什么”以及“我想成為誰”。這樣一部滿滿負能量的美劇為何能在近年來被各種劇評人推崇、欣賞?說到底是因為悲劇更接近生活的原貌。人生不如意事十之八九,重要的不在于欺騙自己生活有多美好,而是要學會在困境中笑對人生。endprint

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