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完形填空答題策略

2018-01-29 18:13閆躍
高中生學習·高三版 2017年12期
關鍵詞:近義詞語篇解析

閆躍

[詞語復現]

詞語復現包括原詞復現、同根詞復現、同義/近義詞復現、上下義詞復現,它是銜接語篇的最直接手段,完形填空的很多選項就可以根據這一手段來確定。

例1 (2017·全國卷Ⅲ) A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air to the right woman. But 41 (restrictions) apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallahgher and have a Canadian 42 ... The ticket had a strict no-transfer(不可轉讓) 45 , (policy), but since passport information was not required when 46 (booking), any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can 47 (use) it.

42. A. origin B. passport C. accent D. friend

解析 上文提到一個加拿大青年在和女朋友分手后,希望免費贈送自己為女朋友低價購買的環球航空旅行票的故事,但不是每個人都能獲得這個機會,對方必須是一個名叫Elizabeth Gallagher,而且有加拿大護照的女子。第42空可根據第45~47空所在的句子得出答案,其中第42小題答案與第45空之后的passport構成原詞復現。

例2 (2017·全國卷Ⅱ) In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day, 27 kids 41 (entered) “The Thinking Laboratory”. That was the 42 students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too 43 (dull).

42. A. name B. rule

C. brand D. plan

解析 A。根據此段可以看出,原本這間房子是被編號為Room 104的,但后來學生投票決定把稱呼改了,叫作The Thinking Laboratory,由此可知,后者即是學生們為這間房子取的“名字”。the Thinking Laboratory是下義詞,答案name是上義詞。

例3 (2017·全國卷Ⅰ) While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 (experience) at college for the better.

41. A. searching B. planning

C. natural D. formal

解析 A。段首提到一般而言高中不鼓勵學生探索生活中新的方面,但大學卻提供了這么做的舞臺。后面提到作為大學生的“我”就經歷了這個過程。所以可知,名詞process(過程)前面的定語應跟“探索”有關,故選擇searching。動名詞searching可視作名詞exploration的近義詞,二者構成近義詞復現。

[詞語同現]

一個語篇往往專注于某一主題或話題,與此相關的詞可能會共同出現。語義相關聯的詞語在語篇中共同出現的現象叫詞語同現,這種傾向性被人稱之為“詞場”。同現詞之間有反義或相對關系,或者同類互補關系等,如different與same,cruel與friendly,death(死亡)與destruction(毀滅),ill與pale/patient/nurse/doctor/operation等。

例4 (2017·全國卷Ⅱ) Through the years, Id run into former students who would provide 51 (updates) on old classmates. I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his 52 from high school and remained the same 53 (caring) person I met forty years before.

52. A. graduation B. retirement

C. separation D. resignation

解析 A。前面提到“我”有時會碰到以前的學生,這些學生會給“我”提供一些之前所教學生的最新消息,“我”由此得知Freddy的情況。不難看出,“我”所得知的應該是Freddy“畢業”之后的情況。作為答案的graduation與文中的former students,old classmates和high school很容易聯系到一起,它們圍繞的主題都是“學校、學生”。

例5 (2017·全國卷Ⅲ) Jordan Axani, 28, said he and his then girlfriend, Elizabeth Gallagher, booked heavily discounted round-the-world air tickets in May, but their 43 (relationship) ended and he did not want her ticket to 44 (go to waste) ... The 58 is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Prague, Paris, Bangkok and New Delhi before 59 (ending) in Toronto on January 8.endprint

58. A. interview B. program

C. trip D. meeting

解析 C。前文提到Jordan Axani和女朋友Elizabeth Gallagher分手了,所以想把女方的環球旅行機票送人,以免浪費。第58空提到的應該是環球旅游的行程安排,故選trip。trip很顯然與round-the-world air tickets和ticket構成詞語同現。

[邏輯關系]

在語篇當中,邏輯關系有很多種,比如時間上的先后關系、條件與結果的關系等。在完形填空中,考查最多的一般是因果關系、遞進關系和轉折關系。

例6 (2017·全國卷Ⅰ) Both the hand movements and the very 48 (idea) of communicating without speaking 49 (attracted) me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50 (past). This newness just left me 51 , more.

51. A. showing B. acting

C. saying D. wanting

解析 D。前文提到美式手語及其所傳遞的思想吸引了“我”,“我”所見到的完全不同于以往的經歷。根據因果關系,這種新鮮感只會讓作者“想要”了解或者學習更多關于美式手語的東西。

例7 (2017·全國卷Ⅰ) I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 , if there had been any talking, it would have 59 (caused) us to learn less.

58. A. Lastly B. Thus C. Instead D. However

解析 C。本句開頭提到“我”意識到安靜并非令人不快,后面提到如果課堂有人講話(不安靜),甚至還會降低我們的學習效果,讓我們學得更少。二者之間存在遞進關系,故選擇Instead。

例8 (2017·全國卷Ⅱ) I had advised the kids that while verbs may seem dull, most of the 50 , things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.

50. A. simple B. unique

C. fun D. clever

解析 C。本句前面提到動詞也許是枯燥乏味的,根據while(盡管)可知,后面的句子跟它是轉折關系,所以后面句子表示的意思應該是“但他們一生之中所做的大部分有趣的事情就是動詞(這里的‘動詞指的是它所表示的動作)”。endprint

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