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胃癌患者外周血T淋巴細胞亞群及NK細胞受體表達水平分析

2022-04-02 16:10雷澤洪林忠順李榮崗區衛林梁萍娟
中國醫學創新 2022年8期
關鍵詞:T淋巴細胞亞群胃癌

雷澤洪 林忠順 李榮崗 區衛林 梁萍娟

【摘要】 目的:研究胃癌患者外周血T淋巴細胞亞群及NK細胞受體表達水平。方法:將2018年1月-2020年12月江門市中心醫院收治的142例胃癌患者納入本研究,另納入58例健康體檢者作為對照組,使用流式細胞儀檢測外周血T淋巴細胞亞群(CD8+、CD4+、CD3+、CD4+/CD8+)分布情況和外周血NK細胞受體(NKG2D、NKp30、NKG2A、CD158a)表達情況。結果:胃癌組患者外周血CD3+T細胞、CD4+T細胞、CD4+/CD8+比值較對照組均明顯下降(P<0.05),CD8+T細胞比例較對照組則明顯升高(P<0.05);NK細胞活化性受體NKG2D和NKp30表達較對照組均明顯下降(P<0.05),抑制性受體NKG2A和CD158a表達較對照組均明顯升高(P<0.05)。腫瘤直徑≥5 cm、低分化、Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、淋巴結轉移、深層浸潤的胃癌患者外周血CD3+T細胞、CD4+T細胞、CD4+/CD8+比值、NK細胞活化性受體NKG2D和NKp30表達較腫瘤直徑<5 cm、中高分化、Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、無淋巴結轉移、無深層浸潤均明顯下降(P<0.05),CD8+T細胞比例、NK細胞抑制性受體NKG2A和CD158a表達較腫瘤直徑<5 cm、中高分化、Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、無淋巴結轉移、無深層浸潤均明顯升高(P<0.05)。結論:胃癌患者外周血T淋巴細胞亞群分布紊亂,外周血NK細胞活化性受體表達降低,抑制性受體表達升高,且與胃癌的發生發展有關,檢測胃癌患者外周血T淋巴細胞亞群和NK細胞受體表達有助于評估細胞免疫功能、指導臨床治療和評價預后。

【關鍵詞】 胃癌 T淋巴細胞亞群 NK細胞受體

Expression of T Lymphocyte Subsets and NK Cell Receptors in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Gastric Cancer/LEI Zehong, LIN Zhongshun, LI Ronggang, OU Weilin, LIANG Pingjuan. //Medical Innovation of China, 2022, 19(08): 019-023

[Abstract] Objective: To study the expression of T lymphocyte subsets and NK cell receptors in peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer. Method: A total of 142 patients with gastric cancer treated in Jiangmen Central Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were included in this study, and 58 healthy people were included as the control group. The distribution of T lymphocyte subsets (CD8+, CD4+, CD3+, CD4+/CD8+) and the expression of NK cell receptor (NKG2D, NKp30, NKG2A, CD158a) in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. Result: The peripheral blood CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the gastric cancer group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the proportion of CD8+ T cells was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05); the expressions of NK cell activating receptors NKG2D and NKp30 in peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the expressions of inhibitory receptors NKG2A and CD158a were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The expression of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, NKG2D and NKp30 in peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients with tumor diameter ≥5 cm, low differentiation, stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, lymph node metastasis and deep infiltration were higher than those of tumor diameter <5 cm, medium and high differentiation, stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ, no lymph node metastasis, no deep infiltration were significantly decreased (P<0.05); the proportion of CD8+ T cells and the expression of NK cell suppressor receptor NKG2A and CD158a in peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients with tumor diameter ≥5 cm, low differentiation, stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, lymph node metastasis and deep infiltration were higher than those of tumor diameter <5 cm, medium and high differentiation, stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ, no lymph node metastasis, no deep infiltration were significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: The distribution of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer is disordered, the expression of activated receptor and inhibitory receptor of NK cells in peripheral blood is decreased and increased, which is related to the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, the detection of T lymphocyte subsets and NK cell receptor expression in peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer is helpful to evaluate cellular immune function, guide clinical treatment and evaluate prognosis.

[Key words] Gastric cancer T lymphocyte subsets NK cell receptor

First-author’s address: Jiangmen Central Hospital, Guangdong Province, Jiangmen 529000, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2022.08.005

胃癌是常見的惡性腫瘤之一,發病率和死亡率呈上升趨勢,預后較差[1-2]。近年來腫瘤免疫學在腫瘤研究中獲得了越來越多的關注,腫瘤的發生發展與患者免疫功能關系密切[3-4]。T淋巴細胞可分為免疫功能不同的亞群,其中CD4+、CD8+在生理狀態下保持動態的平衡,共同作用促使機體免疫功能處于穩定狀態[5-6]。自然殺傷(NK)細胞是機體重要的免疫細胞可直接殺傷腫瘤細胞,其細胞表面表達活化性受體和抑制性受體[7]。腫瘤細胞可通過調控NK細胞受體表達,而影響NK細胞對腫瘤細胞的免疫監視及清除作用[8-9]。因此,本文擬研究胃癌患者外周血T淋巴細胞亞群及NK細胞受體表達水平,以分析胃癌患者的細胞免疫功能狀況及臨床意義?,F報道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料 將2018年1月-2020年12月江門市中心醫院收治的142例原發性胃癌患者納入本研究作為胃癌組。納入標準:(1)年齡18~75歲,性別不限;(2)符合胃癌診斷標準;(3)均接受手術治療,且術前均未接受放化療治療;(4)臨床資料完整。排除標準:(1)合并其他消化系統相關疾病者;(2)合并肺、肝、腎等臟器功能障礙者;(3)合并其他部位惡性腫瘤者;(4)合并精神疾病者。另納入58例健康體檢者作為對照組,其中男32例,女26例,年齡30~72歲,平均(58.25±8.72)歲。納入標準:(1)年齡18~75歲,性別不限;(2)健康體檢結果均顯示正常。排除標準:依從性差。本研究經醫院醫學倫理委員會批準,所有入選者均對本研究知情同意并簽署了知情同意書。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 樣本采集 采集兩組空腹外周靜脈血各兩管,每管采集5 mL,其中一管用于外周血T淋巴細胞亞群檢測,另一管用于NK細胞受體表達檢測,均需在采集后2 h內檢測完畢。

1.2.2 外周血T淋巴細胞亞群檢測 采用美國BDFacscalibur生產的流式細胞儀對兩組血液樣本進行T淋巴細胞亞群檢測,包括CD8+、CD4+、CD3+,并對CD4+/CD8+進行計算,相關試劑盒均購自北京中杉金橋有限公司。

1.2.3 外周血NK細胞受體表達檢測 每個流式管中加入50 μL全血,再加入5 μL anti-CD3-FITC、anti-CD56-APC、anti-CD16-Per CP,然后每管再分別加入5 μL單克隆抗體(anti-NKG2D-PE、anti-NKp30-PE、anti-NKG2A-PE、anti-CD158a-PE),同時設置的陰性對照組。各組樣本經充分混勻后,在室溫下放置20 min,再加入細胞裂解液室溫靜置10 min,再加入PBS震蕩混勻,再用PBS洗滌2次,然后使用流式細胞儀進行上機檢測。

1.3 觀察指標 比較兩組外周血T淋巴細胞亞群、NK細胞受體表達差異性,以及不同病理參數胃癌患者外周血T淋巴細胞亞群、NK細胞受體表達的差異性。

1.4 統計學處理 使用SPSS 20.00處理數據,符合正態分布的計量資料以(x±s)表示,兩組比較采用t檢驗;計數資料以率(%)表示,采用字2檢驗。以P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。

2 結果

2.1 兩組一般資料比較 胃癌組,其中男77例,女65例;年齡36~75歲,平均(59.04±9.36)歲;分化程度:中高分化81例,低分化61例;TNM分期:Ⅰ~Ⅱ期57例,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期85例;腫瘤直徑1.9~9.8 cm,平均(5.89±1.63)cm;有淋巴結轉移者27例;有深層浸潤者39例。對照組,其中男32例,女26例,年齡30~72歲,平均(58.25±8.72)歲。兩組的年齡、性別相比,差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。

2.2 兩組外周血T淋巴細胞亞群比較 胃癌組患者外周血CD3+T細胞、CD4+T細胞、CD4+/CD8+較對照組均明顯下降,CD8+T細胞比例較對照組則明顯升高,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05),見表1。

2.3 兩組外周血NK細胞受體表達比較 胃癌組患者外周血NK細胞活化性受體NKG2D和NKp30表達較對照組均明顯下降,抑制性受體NKG2A和CD158a表達較對照組均明顯升高,差異均有統計學意義(P<0.05),見表2。

2.4 不同病理參數胃癌患者外周血T淋巴細胞亞群比較 腫瘤直徑≥5 cm、低分化、Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、淋巴結轉移、深層浸潤的胃癌患者外周血CD3+T細胞、CD4+T細胞、CD4+/CD8+比值較腫瘤直徑<5 cm、中高分化、Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、無淋巴結轉移、無深層浸潤均明顯下降(P<0.05),CD8+T細胞比例較腫瘤直徑<5 cm、中高分化、Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、無淋巴結轉移、無深層浸潤均明顯升高(P<0.05),見表3。

2.5 不同病理參數胃癌患者外周血NK細胞受體表達比較 腫瘤直徑≥5 cm、低分化、Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、淋巴結轉移、深層浸潤的胃癌患者外周血NK細胞活化性受體NKG2D和NKp30表達較腫瘤直徑<5 cm、中高分化、Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、無淋巴結轉移、無深層浸潤均明顯下降(P<0.05),抑制性受體NKG2A和CD158a表達較腫瘤直徑<5 cm、中高分化、Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、無淋巴結轉移、無深層浸潤均明顯升高(P<0.05)。見表4。

3 討論

胃癌是一種起源于胃黏膜上皮的惡性腫瘤,目前我國胃癌致死率居惡性腫瘤第三位[10-11]。近年來的腫瘤免疫學研究顯示,包括胃癌在內的惡性腫瘤的發生和發展與機體免疫功能異常密切相關,而T淋巴細胞及NK細胞在腫瘤免疫中發揮重要作用[12-14]。

T淋巴細胞可分為CD4+和CD8+T淋巴細胞兩個亞群[15]。在正常生理狀態下,CD4+和CD8+T淋巴細胞亞群保持動態平衡以維持機體正常免疫功能[16]。最近的研究表明,T淋巴細胞亞群比例不僅可以反映機體的免疫功能狀態,還可以反映腫瘤微環境的變化[17-18],因此具有重要的臨床應用價值。本研究結果顯示,胃癌組患者外周血CD3+T細胞、CD4+T細胞、CD4+/CD8+比值較對照組均明顯下降(P<0.05),CD8+T細胞比例較對照組則明顯升高(P<0.05),提示胃癌患者外周血T淋巴細胞亞群異常/比例失調,導致患者細胞免疫功能明顯下降而有助于腫瘤的發生。進一步分析不同病理參數胃癌患者外周血T淋巴細胞亞群分布發現,腫瘤越大、分化程度越低、分期越晚、發生淋巴結轉移及深層浸潤的胃癌患者外周血CD3+T細胞、CD4+T細胞、CD4+/CD8+比值越低,CD8+T細胞比例越高,提示胃癌患者惡性程度越高,T淋巴細胞亞群分布越紊亂。

NK細胞對腫瘤細胞具有直接殺傷作用,而腫瘤細胞可通過影響受體表達而影響NK細胞的殺傷作用[19-20]。本研究結果顯示,胃癌組患者NK細胞活化性受體NKG2D和NKp30表達較對照組均明顯下降(P<0.05),抑制性受體NKG2A和CD158a表達較對照組均明顯升高(P<0.05),這與文獻[21]的報道結果相符合。本研究進一步分析了不同病理參數胃癌患者NK細胞受體表達情況,結果顯示腫瘤體積越大、分化程度越低、分期越晚、發生淋巴結轉移及深層浸潤的胃癌患者NK細胞活化性受體NKG2D和NKp30表達越低,抑制性受體NKG2A和CD158a表達越高,提示胃癌患者惡性程度越高,NK細胞的活性降低,免疫監視功能越弱。

綜上所述,胃癌患者外周血T淋巴細胞亞群分布紊亂,NK細胞活化性受體表達降低,抑制性受體表達升高,且與胃癌的發生發展有關,檢測胃癌患者外周血T淋巴細胞亞群和NK細胞受體表達有助于評估細胞免疫功能、指導臨床治療和評價預后。

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(收稿日期:2021-09-02) (本文編輯:張爽)

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