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基于EGC研究大建中湯對腸易激綜合征內臟痛模型大鼠的改善作用

2020-09-06 13:30武靜王慧楊毅李堯鋒王俊霞楊莎莎
中國藥房 2020年16期
關鍵詞:腸易激綜合征

武靜 王慧 楊毅 李堯鋒 王俊霞 楊莎莎

摘 要 目的:研究大建中湯對腸易激綜合征(IBS)內臟痛模型大鼠的改善作用及其機制。方法:將48只雄性未斷乳大鼠隨機分為正常對照組、模型組、匹維溴銨組(陽性對照,45 mg/kg)和大建中湯高、中、低劑量組(2.16、1.08、0.54 g/kg,以生藥總量計),每組8只。除正常對照組外,其余各組大鼠經母子分離、乙酸灌腸、卵清白蛋白腹腔注射等復制IBS內臟痛模型,造模共57 d。第58天,給藥組大鼠灌胃相應藥物,模型組和正常對照組大鼠灌胃等體積水,每日1次,連續14 d。觀察各組大鼠一般情況;采用腹壁撤退反應(AWR)評估各組大鼠在20、40、60、80 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)壓力下的內臟敏感性;采用蘇木精-伊紅染色方法觀察各組大鼠結腸組織病理學特征;采用Western blotting技術檢測結腸組織中腸膠質細胞標志物纖維酸性蛋白(GFAP)和神經生長因子(NGF)及其受體酪氨酸蛋白激酶A(TrkA)蛋白的表達情況。結果:正常對照組大鼠結腸組織未見明顯病理學改變。模型組大鼠結腸組織黏膜不連續,腺體水腫,固有層內散在分布淋巴細胞、中性粒細胞和嗜酸性粒細胞;大建中湯低劑量組大鼠結腸組織黏膜不完整,部分腺體輕度水腫,固有層內有少量淋巴細胞和中性粒細胞;大建中湯中、高劑量組和匹維溴銨組大鼠結腸黏膜上皮結構完整,腺體排列規則,未見變性壞死和炎癥細胞浸潤。與正常對照組比較,模型組和大建中湯低劑量組大鼠20、40、60 mmHg壓力下的AWR評分和結腸組織中GFAP、NGF、TrkA 蛋白的相對表達量均顯著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。與模型組比較,大建中湯中、高劑量組和匹維溴銨組大鼠20、40 mmHg壓力下的AWR評分,大建中湯高劑量組和匹維溴銨組大鼠60 mmHg壓力下的AWR評分,大建中湯中、高劑量組和匹維溴銨組大鼠結腸組織中GFAP、NGF、TrkA 蛋白的相對表達量均顯著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。結論:大建中湯可能通過抑制腸膠質細胞活化、減少NGF和TrkA的表達,進而改善IBS模型大鼠的內臟痛。

關鍵詞 腸易激綜合征;內臟痛;腸膠質細胞;神經生長因子;大建中湯;大鼠

ABSTRACT? ?OBJECTIVE: To study the improvement effect and mechanism of Dajianzhong decoction on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) visceral pain model rats. METHODS: Totally 48 male non-weaning rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, pinaverium bromide group (positive control, 45 mg/kg) and Dajianzhong decoction high-dose, medium-dose and low-dose groups (2.16, 1.08, 0.54 g/kg, by crude drug), with 8 rats in each group. Except for normal control group, IBS visceral pain model was established by mother and child separation, acetic acid enema, ovalbumin intraperitoneal injection in other groups for 57 d. On the 58th day, the rats in administration groups were given the corresponding drugs intragastrically, and model group and normal control group were given constant volume of purified water, once a day, for consecutive 14 d. The general condition of rats was observed; abdominal wall withdrawal reaction (AWR) was adopted to evaluate the visceral sensitivity of rats in each group under 20, 40, 60, and 80 mmHg? (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) pressure; HE staining method was used to observe the colon pathological features of rats in each group. Western blotting assay was used to detect the protein expression of intestinal glial cells markers fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor TrkA in colon tissue. RESULTS: The mucosal layer of colon tissue in rats of model group was discontinuous, gland edema was observed and lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils were scattered in the lamina propria. In Dajianzhong decoction low-does group, the mucosal layer of colon tissue was incomplete, some glands were slightly edematous, and a few lymphocytes, neutrophils in the lamina propria. The colonic mucosa epithelial structure was intact, glands arranged regularly, and no degenerative necrosis and inflammatory cells were observed in Dajianzhong decoction medium- and high-dose groups and pinaverium bromide group. Compared with normal control group, AWR scores under 20, 40, and 60 mmHg pressure, relative protein expression of GFAR, NGF and TrkA were all increased significantly in model group and Dajianzhong decoction low-does groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with model group, AWR scores under 20, and 40 mmHg pressure in Dajianzhong decoction medium- and high-dose groups and pinaverium bromide group, AWR scores under 60 mmHg pressure in Dajianzhong decoction high-dose group and pinaverium bromide group, relative protein expression of GFAP, NGF, TrkA in colon tissue in Dajianzhong decoction medium- and high-dose groups and pinaverium bromide group were all decreased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01).? CONCLUSIONS: Dajianzhong decoction could improve the visceral pain of IBS model rats by inhibiting the activation of intestinal glial cells and reducing the expression of NGF and TrkA.

有研究提示,IBS內臟痛與胃腸動力失常、內臟高敏感性、免疫異常、精神心理等因素有關[19],其中內臟敏感性(可用AWR 評分評估)增強作為IBS的特征被學者廣泛接受。內臟感覺主要由CNS和外周腸神經系統(ENS)共同傳遞[20],后者由大量的多種類型的神經元和EGC共同組成[21]。此前,EGC被認為僅支持和營養腸道神經元,而近年來越來越多的證據表明其在腸道穩態中發揮了至關重要的作用。例如,EGC可表達多種受體,能感知腸道環境中的各種刺激并隨之發生系列反應,主要表現為細胞增生、形態改變等[8];IBS患者腸道內EGC增多[22],提示其可能與IBS有關。本研究通過Western blotting 技術檢測發現,IBS內臟痛模型大鼠結腸組織中EGC標志物GFAP蛋白的相對表達量顯著高于正常對照組,中、高劑量大建中湯能夠使模型大鼠結腸組織中GFAP蛋白的相對表達量顯著降低?;谏鲜鼋Y果,本課題組推測EGC可能是IBS內臟痛發生的關鍵靶點,且大建中湯能夠通過抑制該靶點而發揮對IBS內臟痛的改善作用。

NGF是神經營養素家族中最早被發現的調節因子,主要通過結合位于細胞表面的NGF受體TrkA來發揮作用,具有營養神經元及促進神經突起生長的雙重作用[23]。NGF在腸道中分布廣泛,除腸上皮細胞外,其在EGC中也有表達[24]。在正常生理狀態下,NGF可維持神經元的生存及分化;然而在NGF表達異常的情況下,其可成為導致疼痛發生的重要原因之一。有研究發現,IBS患者腸道中NGF的表達較健康人有明顯增多,提示NGF可能參與內臟痛的發生[5]。本研究結果顯示,IBS內臟痛模型大鼠結腸組織中NGF、TrkA蛋白相對表達量均顯著高于正常對照組,而大建中湯高、中劑量組大鼠結腸組織中NGF、TrkA蛋白相對表達量均顯著低于模型組。根據腸道內EGC能夠表達NGF的報道,本研究證實活化的EGC可能通過分泌NGF作用于TrkA,從而在IBS內臟痛中發揮作用,且大建中湯能夠阻止此過程。但本研究只采用Western blotting技術檢測結腸內GFAP、NGF、TrkA蛋白的表達,初步證實了上述蛋白與IBS內臟痛的關系,后續將采取免疫熒光雙標技術分析GFAP和NGF、TrkA的關系,進一步揭示EGC內的分子變化。

本課題組從膠質細胞信號通路關鍵因子角度初步揭示了IBS的發病機制以及大建中湯的作用機制和科學內涵,有助于尋找中醫藥治療IBS內臟痛的作用靶標,可為加快研發治療IBS內臟痛的有效中醫復方制劑提供科學依據。

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(收稿日期:2020-03-26 修回日期:2020-07-02)

(編輯:鄒麗娟)

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